Gabatarwa

Yin amfani da wayoyi a cikin sarari mai tsawo da kuma wuraren da aka rufe yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da suka fi ƙalubale ga masu aikin lantarki a wurin aiki. Ko kuna gyara gini na yanzu, kuna aiki a cikin sararin samaniya, ko kuna ciyar da wayoyi ta hanyar banki mai yawa na karkashin kasa, ƙarancin kuskuren kuskure ne. Kuskuren kuskure na iya haifar da lalacewar rufi, masu sarrafawa, ko ma cikakken janyewar da dole ne a sake yi. Jagorancin da ya dace ba kawai yana kare kayanku ba kuma yana adana lokaci amma kuma yana kiyaye ku lafiya yayin aiki a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Wannan jagorar ya ƙunshi hanyoyin da aka tabbatar, kayan aiki masu mahimmanci, da dabarun tsarawa don taimaka muku cire wayoyi cikin inganci da aminci a cikin yanayin da aka rufe.

Kowane nasarar da aka samu na yin amfani da wayoyi yana farawa kafin a shigar da igiya a cikin bututun. Shirya, zaɓar kayan aiki masu dacewa, da kuma fahimtar hanyar da ke gaba ba za a iya tattaunawa ba. Sassan da ke gaba sun rarraba kowane mataki na tsari, daga duba kafin cirewa zuwa jawowa na ƙarshe, tare da shawarwari masu amfani da aka samo daga shekaru na kwarewa a filin.

Shirya Kafin Ka Ja Waya

Ka yi shiri sosai don ka yi amfani da wayoyin da ba su da matsala. Ka fara da yin nazarin dukan igiyar waya. Ka yi tafiya a hanya idan ya yiwu, ka lura da kowane karkace, haɗin kai, akwatin haɗuwa, da kuma wurin ƙarshe. Ka auna jimlar tsawon gudu kuma ka ƙara akalla 10% don ka lissafa rashin ƙarfi, madaukai na sabis, da duk wani ɓarna da ba a zata ba. Wannan binciken na farko zai taimake ka ka zaɓi tsawon igiyar da ya dace da kuma kayan da za a jawo.

Bayan haka, bincika duk hanyoyin da kuma hanyoyin gudu don ganin ɓarnar, danshi, ko gefuna masu haɗari waɗanda zasu iya ɗaukar ko ƙura waya. Yi amfani da iska mai tsabta ko iska mai matsi don share hayaki, datti, ko kayan haɗi. Gudanar da mandala ko ƙwallon gwaji ta kowace hanyar don tabbatar da cewa ba ta da cikas. Idan bututun yana da gefuna masu kaifi a ƙarshen yanke, cire su tare da fayil ko kayan aiki don hana lalacewar rufi yayin janyewa. Alamar kowane akwatin haɗuwa da kuma jawo maki tare da lakabi wanda ke nuna lambar kewaya ko mai gano kebul don kauce wa rikicewa daga baya.

A ƙarshe, ka ƙayyade ko za a iya shigar da layin jawo (tape na kifi, igiyar jawo, ko sandar haskakawa) kafin a cire ainihin igiyar. A cikin sauye-sauye da yawa, ƙila a riga an bar layin jawo a wurin; idan ba haka ba, za ku buƙaci shigar da ɗaya.

Kayan Aiki da Kayan Aiki

Samun kayan aiki masu dacewa a cikin isasshen damar rage lokacin hutu kuma ya hana yin amfani da kai tsaye wanda zai iya lalata waya.

  • Tape na kifi Tape na karfe ko fiberglass mai sassauƙa wanda ke kewaya da lankwasawa; zaɓi tef na fiberglass mara jagora lokacin aiki a kusa da kewayawa masu rai.
  • Glow rods / haske sanduna Fiberglass sanduna da haskakawa karshen, manufa ga m crawl sarari ko dakuna inda kana bukatar ka ga tip.
  • Sarrafawa (Kellems grips / safa safa) Waya mai laushi wanda ke riƙe da jaket ɗin kebul ɗin da ƙarfi ba tare da murkushe shi ba; yana da mahimmanci ga manyan wayoyin diamita.
  • Mai shafawa mai jan hankali Yana rage jujjuyawar; zaɓi ruwa mai tushen, mai ƙarancin launi mai jituwa da jaket ɗin kebul (misali, polyethylene, PVC, nylon).
  • Tir da madauri / tef na mule Kayan polypropylene mai ƙarfi wanda za'a iya barin shi a cikin kwantena don jan hankali na gaba.
  • Tsarin tef na iska / kifi Wani iska mai tsabta da aka haɗa zuwa ƙarshen ɗaya yana jan jaka mai laushi ta hanyar bututun, yana bin layin jawowa a bayanta.
  • Sauƙin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin mada
  • Roller na igiya Ƙananan ƙafafun da ke tallafawa igiya a wuraren shigarwa da kuma kusa da karkatarwa don hana ƙyama.
  • Kayan kare kai (PPE) tabarau na tsaro, safofin hannu masu tsayayya da yanka, kayan kwalliya na gwiwa, hat mai wuya, da kuma abin rufe ƙura (don wuraren da aka rufe da tarkace).

Kafin ka fara, ka gwada ko kowane kayan aiki yana da wuyar lalacewa.

Hanyar da Za a Bi da Ita da Kuma Shirya Hanya

Hanyar da ta dace ta hanyar amfani da goga ko labule da aka haɗa da igiyar janye don kawar da ƙazanta ko ƙazanta na ƙarfe. Idan hanyar ta ratsa ta hanyar allon kankare ko bango na tushe, bincika don murkushewa ko karkatarwa wanda zai iya haifar da ƙwanƙwasa. Don layin ƙasa, tabbatar da cewa hanyar ta daidaita yadda ya kamata don fitar da ruwa; ruwa mai tsayawa yana ƙara friction kuma yana iya haifar da oxidation a tsawon lokaci.

Lokacin da kake janyewa a cikin akwatin haɗuwa wanda ya riga ya cika, cire murfin kuma a ɗan lokaci ka sake sauya ko sake ɗaure wayoyin da ke akwai don ƙirƙirar sarari. Yi amfani da kalkuleta mai lankwasawa don bincika ko jimlar lankwasawa ta wuce 360 ° tsakanin wuraren jawo. Idan hakan ya faru, shigar da ƙarin akwatin jawo ko amfani da ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙu. Kowane ƙarin 90 ° ya ninka ƙarfin jan da ake buƙata, don haka shirya daidai.

A ƙarshe, ka kafa tsarin sadarwa tare da mai taimaka maka. A cikin ƙananan wurare ba za ka iya ganin ko jin juna ba. Ka yi amfani da rediyo na biyu, siginar hannu, ko kuma wani tsari na ja da igiya.

Hanyar shafawa

Mai shafawa yana iya zama mafi ƙarancin kayan aiki a cikin jan waya. Ko da ƙaramin adadin mai shafawa mai kyau zai iya rage ƙarfin jan da ake buƙata da kashi 50% ko fiye, yana rage matsa lamba a kan kebul da mutumin da ke jan.

Nau'in kayan shafawa

  • Domin ruwa (silicone ko polymer): Mafi yawanci don wayoyi na yau da kullun; yana tsabtace sauƙi kuma baya lalata jaket ɗin kebul. Ya dace da PVC, EMT, da RMC.
  • A kan mai (jeli mai ko wax): Yana da matukar santsi amma yana iya zama rikice; galibi ana amfani dashi don manyan masu gudanarwa da kuma jan masana'antu masu nauyi. Tabbatar da dacewa da rufi.
  • Fitar da kayan shafawa masu bushewa:FIT: 1 Ana amfani dashi a cikin bututun filastik inda kayan shafawa masu zafi bazai gudana daidai ba.
  • Kayan shafawa da kansu: Wasu igiyoyi suna da jaket na musamman wanda ke rage jujjuyawar. har yanzu suna amfana daga ƙarin lubricant a sassan da wuraren shiga.

Hanyar Aiwatarwa

Yi amfani da lubricant kai tsaye zuwa ga kebul yayin da yake shiga cikin bututun, ba kawai zuwa ƙarshen gaba ba. Don janye mai yawa, yi amfani da mai rarraba lubricant ko wani lube rag wanda aka riƙe akan kebul yayin da yake ciyarwa. Ka mai da hankali kan ƙarin lubricant a kowane lankwasa da bakin bututun. Idan ya yiwu, yi amfani da lubricant a cikin bututun ta amfani da mai amfani da matsin lamba ko wani soso mai tsoma a cikin lubricant wanda ke tafiya a gaban kebul. Don dogon gudu, sake amfani da lubricant a kowane wurin janye mai sauƙi.

Ka guji yin amfani da lubricating fiye da kima: karin lubricating zai iya tarawa a cikin bututun, ya jawo ƙura, kuma ya sa jawowa na gaba ya yi wuya. Mafi muhimmanci ma, zai iya sa igiyar ta zamewa cikin riƙe idan riƙewar kanta ta zama mai zamewa.

Ƙwarewar Fasaha don Ƙananan Ƙasa

Lokacin da ake aiki a cikin wuraren da aka rufe attics, wuraren rarrafe, a bayan bango mai bushewa, ko a cikin ɗakunan kayan aiki masu yawa yukan da aka saba amfani da su bazai isa ba.

Kifi tef vs Glow Wands vs. Ruwan iska Systems

Kowane hanya tana da kyau a yanayi daban-daban. Fitaccen tef na kifi na FLT:0 yana da kyau ga gajere, madaidaiciya ko madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya; tsananin sa yana ba ka damar tura shi ta hanyar sannan ka ja waya baya. A cikin tsaffin wurare tare da lankwasawa da yawa, sandar haske ta FLT:2 tana ba da sassauƙa da gani mai kyau.

Yin Amfani da Ƙunƙusa da Socks

Don manyan wayoyi (misali, 4/0 AWG ko mafi girma, ko igiyoyin mai sauyawa), madauri mai jan raga (Kellems grip) yana rarraba tashin hankali daidai a kan jaket ɗin kebul, yana hana zamewa da murkushewa. Zaɓi madauri wanda ya dace da diamita na kebul da nau'in jaket. Sanya madauri zuwa ga kebul ta hanyar mirgine shi, sannan ka haɗa ƙarshen don sauyi mai santsi. Koyaushe yi amfani da juyawa tsakanin madauri da igiyar ja don hana juyawa juyawa na iya haifar da madauri ya sassauta a ƙarƙashin kaya.

Ƙarƙashin igiyoyi masu yawa

Lokacin da kake jawo masu gudanarwa da yawa tare (misali wayoyi uku da ƙasa), ka haɗa su ta amfani da kwandon cire igiya ko ka shimfiɗa su a kwance kuma ka liƙa su a cikin lokaci. Mai shafawa mai cire igiya wanda aka yi amfani da shi a kan kullun yana rage tsattsauran ra'ayi tsakanin masu gudanarwa. Don jan hankali a cikin madaidaiciya a cikin madaidaiciya guda ɗaya, yi amfani da kai mai jan hankali wanda ke daidaita masu gudanarwa kuma yana hana su tsallakewa. Ka kiyaye madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya kamar yadda ya yiwu don kauce wa ƙwanƙwasawa a kan haɗin madaidaici.

Yin Fitar da Ganuwar da Aka Gama

Retrofits sau da yawa bukatar kifi waya ta hanyar bango rami, rufi joists, ko bene trusses. Yi amfani da m haske sanda ko kifi tef da wani nonconductive tip. Idan bango yana da rufi, yi amfani da wani rufi fire-stop tura sanda ko wani magnetic dawo da tsarin. Domin horizontal runs tsakanin studs, wani uku-mataki tsari aiki: drill karamin damar rami, saka sarkar ko jan igiya ta amfani da wani magnet tsarin, sa'an nan kuma jan waya. Koyaushe yi amfani da kifi tef da wani santsi, harbi-shaped tip don rage friction da kuma hana cling a kan wuta hana.

Yin Gudanar da Matsaloli a Wuraren da Aka Ƙuntata

Ƙuntatawa kamar su ƙuntatawa 90 °, ƙuntatawa baya-baya, akwatunan haɗuwa da ke cike da mutane, da kuma bututun da aka murƙushe ko kuma ba a daidaita shi ba suna bukatar takaddun da suka dace.

Yin Tafiya a Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙ

90 ° karkatarwa a cikin wani 1 inch EMT bututu iya sauƙi wuce iyakar jan tashin hankali idan ba sarrafawa. Yi amfani da dogon radius karkatarwa (misali, a sweep elbow) a duk inda zai yiwu. Idan dole ne ka yi amfani da misali 90, shigar da wani ja akwatin kafin da kuma bayan karkatarwa don ba da damar samun sake lubrication da kuma rage tasiri tsawon jan. Lokacin da jan ta hanyar jerin 90s, jan daga tsakiyar da kuma tura daga biyu karshen, ko amfani da side-pull dabara inda daya jan yayin da wani ciyar da kebul da kuma ya shafi lubricant kai tsaye a cikin kwana.

Akwatin da Ƙungiyoyi da Ƙungiyoyi da Suka Yi Ƙara Ƙara

Kafin ka cire waya a cikin wani ɗaki da aka riga aka shirya, cire murfin kuma yi amfani da sarrafa waya na wucin gadi (misali, igiyoyi masu ɗaurewa ko madaurin Velcro) don tsara wayoyin da ke akwai daga hanyar. Ja sabon waya a cikin akwati tare da madauri mai ladabi na laushiakalla ƙafa biyu na ƙarin tsayidon ka iya tura shi da kyau daga baya. Yi amfani da lubricant mai jan waya a kan igiya yayin da ta shiga akwatin don rage friction akan sauran wayoyi. Idan akwatin ya cika sosai don aiki lafiya, shigar da akwatin taimako a gefen kuma gudu da wayoyi ta hanyarsa.

Yadda Za Ka Bi da Halaye Masu Saɓani

Hanyar da ke canzawa bayan shigarwa (saboda daidaitawa, fadadawar zafi, ko rashin tallafi) na iya haifar da karkatar da ke damun waya. Yi amfani da haɗin gyaran kwantena ko sashin kwantena mai sassauƙa don sake daidaita hanyar. Idan karkatar da ƙananan, maciji ko tef na kifi tare da ƙwanƙwasa mai sassauƙa na iya yin tafiya a cikin rata. A cikin matsanancin yanayi, yanke kwantena kuma shigar da akwatin janye a wurin rashin daidaitawa.

Nasihu da Kuma Ayyuka Mafi Kyawu Game da Tsaro

Yin aiki a cikin wurare masu ƙuntatawa yana gabatar da haɗari da ba su wanzu a wuraren buɗe ba. Koyaushe bi ka'idodin aminci masu zuwa:

  • Lockout/Tagout (LOTO): Idan yankin aiki yana kusa da kayan aikin lantarki masu rai, tabbatar da cewa an kashe wutar lantarki kuma an kulle shi kafin a yi amfani da duk kayan aikin mai gudana ko tef na kifi.
  • Shigar da sararin samaniya: (FLT: 1) Idan ka shiga sararin samaniya, rufin sama, ko bene, bi hanyoyin sararin samaniya na OSHA. Bincika matakan oxygen, iskar gas mai guba, da isasshen iska. Kada ka yi aiki kadai a cikin sararin samaniya.
  • Aikin ergonomics: Yi amfani da matashin gwiwa, goyon bayan baya, da kayan aiki masu tsawo don kauce wa juyawa mai banƙyama ko wuce gona da iri. Yi hutu akai-akai idan kuna kwance ko durƙusawa na dogon lokaci.
  • Gwanin da kariya ga idanu: Gwanin da ke da tsayayyar yankewa yana hana lalacewa daga burrs ko gefuna masu kaifi. Gilashin tsaro suna kare idanunku daga tarkace da fesa mai shafawa.
  • Sadarwa: Ku yarda da siginar bayyananniya don dakatar da janyewa. Wani haɗari na kwatsam na iya haifar da sake dawo da tef na kifi ko igiyaku da mai taimaka muku dole ne ku kasance a shirye don sakin tashin hankali nan take.
  • Kada ku wuce ƙarfin janyewar kebul: (FLT: 1) Ka koma ga ƙayyadaddun masana'antun don ƙarfin janyewar mafi girma (yawanci ana bayyana shi a fam ko N). Yi amfani da ma'aunin janyewar janyewa ko mai ƙididdigar ƙarfin lantarki akan dogon, janyewar mahimmanci.
  • FLT:0]] Bincike bayan janyewar: Da zarar waya ta kasance a wurin, yi gwajin ci gaba da duba jaket ɗin. Idan kuna tsammanin lalacewa, yi layin da ke kewaye kafin kunnawa.

Don ƙarin cikakkun ƙa'idodin aminci, duba OSHA 1910.269 (ƙarfin wutar lantarki, watsawa, da rarrabawa) da FLT:2 (NFPA 70 (NEC) FLT:3]] don hanyoyin wayoyi da buƙatu.

Ƙarshen

Ja waya a cikin sarari masu ƙuntatawa da ke da iyaka yana buƙatar haɗuwa da shiri mai kyau, kayan aikin da suka dace, da kuma ingantattun dabaru. Ta hanyar shirya hanyar sosai, amfani da lubricant a cikin dabarun, da kuma amfani da hanyoyin da aka tsara don takamaiman cikas, zaku iya rage haɗarin lalacewar wayoyi da raunin mutum. Ka tuna cewa haƙuri alheri ne: hanzarta jan aiki mai wahala kusan koyaushe yana haifar da sake janyewa ko kiran gyara. Saka lokaci a cikin dubawa kafin aiki, sadarwa a fili tare da ƙungiyarka, kuma kada ku taɓa yin jayayya game da aminci. Tare da aiki, har ma da mafi ƙuntataccen bututun ya zama mai sarrafawa. Don ƙarin karatu game da mafi kyawun ayyukan janyewar igiya, la'akari da albarkatun masana'antu kamar FLT:0EC & M Magazine FLT: 1 ko jagororin masana'antu daga TFLT: 2KFLT: 5KFLT: 5KFLT: 3KFLT da TFLT: 5KFLT: 5KFLT: 3KFLT: 5KFLT: 5K