Table of Contents

Fahimtar Ƙarfin Nauyi a Waya

Jirgin waya yana daga cikin ayyukan yau da kullun amma suna da matukar damuwa a cikin kayan aikin lantarki da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki. Kowane ja da yake yana da layin shigarwa na sabis a cikin gida mai zama ko kuma wani nau'i na layin fiber optic a cikin cibiyar bayanai yana dogara ne akan amincin inji na kayan aikin ja. ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin matsakaicin ƙarfin ko nauyi da na'urar zata iya sarrafawa ba tare da lalacewa ta inji ba, yana ƙera tushen ingantaccen kuma ingantaccen shigar da kebul. Lokacin da aka yi layin nauyi, sakamakon ya fara daga lalacewar kebul mai tsada zuwa gazawar kayan aiki mai haɗari da rauni mai tsanani.

Menene Ƙarfin Kaya Kuma Me Ya Sa Yake da Muhimmanci?

Aikin yana dauke da igiyar janyewa, ja da ja (kamar yadda ake yin keken kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kwandon kw

  • lalacewar kebul: Tashin hankali mai yawa yana janye masu kwantar da hankula, yana ɓoye rufin hawaye, ko kuma yana raba jaket ɗin kebul. A cikin kebul na fiber-optic, lalacewar micro-bending na iya faruwa tun kafin lalacewar da ake gani ta bayyana.
  • Rashin kayan aiki: Rings snap, igiyoyin jan karkace, igiyoyin winch suna juyawa, kuma riƙewa suna zamewa ko karya. Mai jan karkace na iya ɗaukar kwanaki don gyarawa, yana jinkirta aikin duka.
  • Hatsarin tsaro: Fitar da makamashi da aka adana ba zato ba tsammani na iya haifar da raunin whip, faduwar kayan aiki, ko faduwa daga matakala da shimfidawa. A cikin rami ko rami, wani ɓangaren da ya gaza zai iya buga ma'aikata kusa.

Hukumomin kulawa kamar Dokar Lantarki ta Kasa (FLT:0) (NEC) da Hukumar Kula da Lafiya da Lafiya a Aiki (FLT:2]]OSHA) suna ba da umarni game da bin ƙarfin da aka ƙayyade ta masana'antun. Don kebul ɗin da aka tsara, ƙa'idodin TIA / EIA sun ƙayyade matsakaicin ƙarfin janyewa da hanyoyin da suka dace don hana lalacewar sigina.

Muhimman Abubuwan da ke Shafan Bukatar Ƙarfin Kaya

Kafin ka zaɓi kayan aiki, dole ne ka yi la'akari da abubuwan da ke sa a yi amfani da su don sanin ainihin ƙarfin da ake bukata don a motsa igiyar ta hanyar da ta bi.

1. Nauyin Kabulu da Kuma Gina

Nauyin igiya ta ƙafafu yana bambanta sosai. Masu gudanar da tagulla sun fi nauyi fiye da aluminum; igiyar sulke (AC ko MC) ta fi nauyi fiye da igiyar da ba ta da ƙarfe (NM).

Misali: A 4/0 AWG tagulla THHN na USB yana da nauyin kimanin 0.633 lbs a ƙafa. A 1,000-foot horizontal gudu yana da wani tsaye nauyi na 633 lbs kafin la'akari da friction. A 500 kcmil tagulla cable yana da nauyin kimanin 1.45 lbs a ƙafa, yin 500-foot gudu nauyi 725 lbs. Ga fiber na gani igiyoyi, nauyi ne da yawa kasa da 0.1 lbs a ƙafa don 12-strand loose-tube cableamma da tashin hankali iyaka ne sosai m (yawanci 200400 lbs iyaka).

2. Ka Yi Gudun Da Tsawon da Ka Yi Gudun

Ƙarfin gudu yana ƙara nauyi da kuma haɗakarwa. Duk da haka, ilimin lissafi na hanyar yana da mahimmanci. Bends 90-digiri sweeps, jawo kwalaye, da kuma offsets dramatically ƙara jan tashin hankali. Kowane 90 digiri bend ƙara daidai da 1520 feet na madaidaici gudu.

Rashin cikawa na kwantena yana shafar jujjuyawar. Tebur na cikawa na NEC babi na 9 ya ƙayyade yawan adadin cikawa don ba da damar isasshen tsabta da rage matsin bangon gefe. Tsananin cikawa (kusan 40%) yana ƙaruwa da tuntuɓar farfajiya kuma yana sa janyewa ta zama da wuya.

3. Yin lissafin tashin hankali

Jigon janyewa shine ƙarfin da ake buƙata don motsa igiyar.

  • Nauyin tashin hankali: Nauyin igiya ya ninka ta da ma'aunin tsagewa (μ) tsakanin jaket ɗin igiya da kayan aikin.
  • Tensiyon lankwasawa: Tensiyon yana ninkawa a kusa da lankwasawa bisa ga ma'anar T2 = T1 × e^(μθ) , inda θ shine kusurwar lankwasawa a cikin radians. A 90 ° lankwasawa (π/2 radians) tare da μ=0.3 yana ƙara ƙarfin gwiwa da factor na kimanin 1.6. Tare da μ=0.5, factor ya zama 2.2.
  • J-tsauri (tsayayyen janyewa):A cikin tsayayyen hanyoyi ko gangara, nauyi yana ƙara nauyin ɓangaren igiyar tsaye kai tsaye zuwa ƙarfin janyewa. A cikin tsayayyen tsayayyen gaskiya, ƙarfin a saman ya yi daidai da nauyin igiyar da aka kara da kowane jujjuya daga ƙananan sassa.

Masu sana'a masu fasaha suna amfani da mai ƙididdigar ƙarfin lantarki (mai ƙididdigar ƙarfin lantarki) yayin janyewa don kwatanta ƙarfin gaske da ƙimar da aka ƙayyade.

4. Bayanan Kayan Aiki da kuma Tsaron Tsaro

Kowane ɓangaren janye yana da matsakaicin nauyin aiki (MWL) (FLT: 0). Masu ƙera masana'antun kuma suna ƙayyade ƙarfin karya, yawanci sau 35 na MWL.

Ƙungiyoyin MWL na kayan aiki na kowa sun haɗa da:

  • Masu jan hannu: 1,5003,000 lbs
  • Tirors masu amfani da baturi: 2,0006,000 lbs
  • Masu jan ruwa: 6,00012,000 lbs
  • Saruwan janyewa (polypropylene, nylon, ko karfe): 2,00020,000+ lbs dangane da diamita da gini
  • Kellems rike (kwandon sakawa): 1,0008,000 lbs, bambanta da na USB diamita da kuma riƙe irin
  • Swivels da sarƙoƙi: Yawanci 1,00012,000 lbs; koyaushe ya dace da igiya ko ƙimar riƙewa

Koyaushe zaɓi kayan aiki tare da MWL daidai ko mafi girma fiye da ƙididdigar buƙata bayan amfani da iyakar aminci.

Ƙididdigar Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙar

Hanyar da ke gaba tana ba da kimantaccen kimantawa na ƙaramar ƙarfin ɗaukar kayan aiki. Don haɗarin haɗari ko ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodi, tabbatar da auna ƙarfin gaske ta amfani da mai amfani da dinamometer.

Mataki na 1: Ka Yi Ƙididdigar Nauyin Kabel

Samu nauyin kebul a kowace kafa daga takardar bayanan masana'anta. ninka ta yawan tsawon gudu, ciki har da duk wani madauki na sabis ko ɗakin kai a ƙarshen biyu.

Formula: Jimlar nauyin kebul = Nauyin a kowace ƙafa × Tsawon gudu

Misali: [FLT: 0] 500 ft na 500 kcmil na tagulla na USB a 1.45 lbs / ft → 725 lbs na tsaye nauyi. Don tarawa na uku 4/0 AWG tagulla na USB (0.633 lbs / ft kowanne): 3 × 0.633 × 500 = 949.5 lbs jimlar nauyin kebul.

Mataki na 2: Ka Yi La'akari da Ƙarfin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙar

Friction ya dogara da kayan aikin, jaket ɗin igiya, da kuma amfani da lubricant. Zaɓi ƙimar friction mai dacewa (μ). Don yawancin janyewar da aka shafa a cikin PVC, yi amfani da μ = 0.3; don ƙarfe mai shafawa, μ = 0.4; don ƙarfe mara shafawa, μ = 0.6 zuwa 0.8. Lokacin da ba a tabbatar ba, ɗauka mafi munin yanayin ko auna da tef mai ɗaukar.

Formula: Jigon jan hankali = Nauyin Cable × μ

Misali (bundle): 949.5 lbs × 0.3 = 284.9 lbs madaidaiciyar tashin hankali.

Mataki na 3: Ka Yi la'akari da Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙ

Kowane lankwasawa yana ninka ƙarfin shigarwa. Yi amfani da T2 = T1 × e^(μθ) inda θ shine kusurwar lankwasawa a cikin radians (90 ° = 1.57 rad, 45 ° = 0.785 rad). Don lankwasawa da yawa, ninka bi da bi.

Misali: Tare da lankwasawa ta 90 ° bayan sashi madaidaici wanda ke dauke da 284.9 lbs da μ = 0.3: e^(0.3 × 1.57) ≈ 1.60, don haka tashin hankali bayan lankwasawa ta farko = 284.9 × 1.60 = 455.8 lbs. Tare da lankwasawa ta 90 ° ta biyu: 455.8 × 1.60 = 729.3 lbs. Idan lankwasawa suna cikin sikelin daban-daban, ana amfani da lissafi iri ɗaya a kowane lankwasa.

Lura:FLT:1]] Idan lankwasawa suna kusa da juna (a cikin fewan ƙafa), ƙimar tashin hankali na iya zama ƙasa da kaɗan saboda sassautawar kebul, amma ana ba da shawarar hanyar ninka mai kiyayewa don aminci.

Mataki na 4: Ka Ƙyale Tsaro

Ƙara ƙididdigar ƙididdigar ƙarshe ta jan hankali ta 1.25 zuwa 1.50 don samun ƙaramin ƙarfin da ake buƙata na kayan aiki. Zaɓi duk abubuwan haɗin da suka dace da wannan ƙimar ko suka wuce shi.

Misali: (FLT: 1) An lissafa tashin hankali = 729.3 lbs. Tare da kewayon aminci 40%: 729.3 × 1.4 = 1,021 lbs. Saboda haka, yi amfani da kayan aiki tare da MWL na aƙalla 1,100 lbs.

Mataki na 5: Tabbatar da Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdiga

Tsarin yana da ƙarfi kamar mafi rauni. Idan igiya tana da nauyin 2,000 lbs amma riƙewar Kellems tana da 1,000 lbs kawai, tsarin yana iyakance ga 1,000 lbs. Tabbatar da ƙididdigar buƙata (tare da iyakar aminci) tana ƙasa da MWL na kowane yanki a cikin layin janye.

Zaɓin Kayan Da Ya Dace Don A Ɗauke Nauyinku

Da zarar ka kimanta ƙarfin da ake bukata, ka daidaita nau'in kayan aiki zuwa bayanin martaba.

Ƙungiyoyi

Kayan igiyoyi na polypropylene suna da haske kuma suna gudana, amma suna da ƙarancin juriya ga abrasion. Kayan igiyoyi na nylon sun fi ƙarfi da sassauci, amma suna shimfiɗawa a ƙarƙashin kayaWannan na iya zama matsala ga tsayayyen janye. Kayan igiyoyi na karfe suna da ƙarfi sosai amma sun fi nauyi da kuma rashin sassauci; ana amfani da su don janyewar tashin hankali mafi girma. Koyaushe yi amfani da igiya tare da isasshen MWL kuma la'akari da radius na lankwasawa a kusa da sheaves ko pulleys.

Ƙarƙashin ƙugiya

Kellems grips (mesh kwandon weave) rarraba tashin hankali a kan dogon tsawon na kebul, rage matsa lamba na bangon gefe. Suna samuwa a cikin girma don dacewa da wayoyin kebul daga 0.25 zuwa fiye da 4 inci. Koyaushe zaɓi riƙe da aka ƙayyade don nau'in kebul (misali, mara jagora don fiber, lalata mai tsayayya ga waje). Don janyewar kebul da yawa, yi amfani da juyawa mai juyawa ko riƙe da janyewar kebul da yawa wanda aka tsara don rarraba ƙarfi daidai ba tare da ƙetare igiyoyi ba.

Masu jan kaya

Masu jan hannayensu suna da kyau ga nauyin nauyi (ƙasa da 3,000 lbs) da gajeren gudu. Masu jan baturi suna ba da daidaitaccen kula da tashin hankali don matsakaiciyar nauyi. Masu jan ruwa suna ba da ƙarfin ƙarfi mafi girma don jan masana'antu masu nauyi kuma galibi suna haɗa da iyakance tashin hankali. Tabbatar da mai jan MWL ya dace ko ya wuce iyakar tsarin.

Ra'ayoyi Daga Gaskiya

Yin Amfani da Abin Gami

Mai shafawa mai cire igiyoyi yana rage ma'aunin gogewa da kashi 30% zuwa 60%, yana rage ƙarfin ƙarfin da ake buƙata. Mai shafawa mai tushen ruwa yana da yawa ga bututun PVC; mai shafawa mai gel yana aiki mafi kyau ga karfe ko cikewa mai ƙyama. Koyaushe yi amfani da mai shafawa bisa ga umarnin masana'antakawai kaɗan yana rasa fa'idar, ƙari zai iya haifar da rikici ko sa igiyar ta tsaya. Sake lissafin tashin hankali bayan ƙara mai shafawa ta amfani da rage μ. Misali, rage μ daga 0.5 zuwa 0.2 na iya rage tashin hankali mai cirewa da fiye da rabi.

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙ

A cikin masu ɗagawa na tsaye, nauyin kebul yana ƙarawa kai tsaye zuwa ƙarfin da ke saman. Don tsayin 200 na tsaye na 4/0 na kebul (0.633 lbs / ft), ɓangaren nauyin tsabta shine 126.6 lbs. Ƙara wannan ga kowane jujjuya daga ƙananan sassan kwance. Don gangara, kawai ɓangaren tsaye na nauyin kebul yana ba da gudummawa. Yi amfani da lissafin vector don ƙididdigar ƙididdiga.

Yin Jigilar Kayayyaki Da Yawa

Ja da igiyoyi da yawa tare yana ƙara nauyin jimlar da kuma jujjuyawar tsakanin igiyoyi. Yi amfani da riƙe mai jujjuyawar igiyoyi da yawa ko kuma wata alurar jujjuya don kiyaye igiyoyi a layi da rage haɗuwa. Wasu lambobin (misali, NEC 392.22) suna iyakance cikawar haɗuwa zuwa 40% na ƙetaren igiyoyi don igiyoyi da yawa. Lokacin da aka jawo igiyoyi da yawa, tasirin jujjuyawar zai iya ƙaruwa saboda igiyoyi suna matsawa juna.

Tasirin Zafin jiki

A yanayin sanyi, igiyoyi masu jiko na PVC suna zama masu karkacewa kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfi. A cikin yanayin daskarewa, rage tsawon janyewa, pre-zazzabi na kebul idan zai yiwu, kuma yi amfani da lubricants da aka ƙayyade don ƙananan zafin jiki.

Kuskuren da Ake Yi a Kalkulacin Ƙarfin Kaya

  • FLT:0]]Kashewar mafi rauni: Yin amfani da mai jan ƙarfin ƙarfi tare da ƙaramin igiya ko riƙe. Mai jan 6,000-lb ba shi da amfani idan aka ƙayyade riƙewa 800 lbs.
  • Yin amfani da ƙarfin karya a matsayin nauyin aiki: ƙarfin karya ne kawai don lalacewar bala'i. Koyaushe yi amfani da MWL da aka ƙayyade ta masana'anta.
  • ]Rashin kulawa da juyawa: ] A lissafin nauyi kawai na iya rage ƙarfin gwiwa ta hanyar factor 24 ko fiye don gudu tare da juyawa da yawa.
  • FLT:0]]Domin fara janyewa daga reel na tsaye yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfi don shawo kan jujjuyawar tsaye da ƙarfin reel. Wannan ƙarfin breakway na ɗan lokaci na iya zama sau 23 na ƙarfin ƙarfin yanayi. Yi amfani da jinkirin farawa da sarrafawa kuma haɓaka saurin hankali.
  • Ba za a sake lissafin ba bayan canje-canje: Idan ka ƙara lubricant, canza nau'in kwantena, ko ƙara lankwasawa, sake lissafin tashin hankali.
  • Ba a lissafa matsin lamba na bangon gefe ba: Matsakaicin tashin hankali a kusa da lankwasawa na iya murkushe kebul ɗin da ganuwar bututun. Ana lissafin matsin lamba na bangon gefe azaman tashin hankali da aka raba ta da radius na lankwasawa. Don igiyoyin tagulla, kiyaye matsin lamba na bangon gefe a ƙasa da 500 lbs / ft; don fiber, a ƙasa da 300 lbs / ft.

Kayan Aiki don Auna Jigon Ja

Don kowane janyewa tare da haɗari mai mahimmancihigh tension, dogon gudu, wayoyi masu laushiamfani da mai karfin wuta (ƙwayoyin ɗaukar nauyi na tashin hankali) tsakanin igiyar janyewa da riƙewar igiyar. Waɗannan na'urorin suna ba da bayanan tashin hankali na ainihi kuma galibi suna da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar riƙewa. Wasu samfuran suna haɗuwa da sarrafawa don dakatar da janyewa ta atomatik idan tashin hankali ya wuce iyakar da aka saita. Yawancin na'urorin janyewar masu sana'a yanzu suna haɗa da masu auna tashin hankali da aka gina waɗanda ke nuna ƙarfi akan karatun dijital.

Grainger yana ba da zaɓi mai yawa na masu ƙididdigar tashin hankali da kayan aikin janyewa waɗanda suka dace da aikace-aikace daban-daban. Don zurfin tunani na fasaha, EC&M Magazine ta jagora don lissafin janyewar kebul yana ba da tsoffin dabaru ciki har da matsin lamba na bangon gefe da iyakar tsawon janyewa. Yin amfani da mai amfani da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin

Ka'idoji da Dokokin Masana'antu

Yawancin ka'idojin masana'antu suna ba da bayani kai tsaye game da lissafin ƙarfin kaya da zaɓin kayan aiki:

  • NEC Mataki na 300 (Hanyoyin Waya) da Mataki na 392 (Tare na Cable): Bayyana bukatun gama gari ga shigar da igiyoyi da iyakancin tashin hankali.
  • TIA/EIA-568: Ya ƙayyade iyakar ƙarfin jan ƙarfe don jan ƙarfe (25 lbs a kowace ma'aurata) da igiyoyin fiber optic (200400 lbs dangane da gini). Fiye da waɗannan iyakokin na iya lalata aikin.
  • OSHA 29 CFR 1926.251 (Rigging): Yana buƙatar amfani da kayan aiki a cikin ƙarfin da aka ƙayyade kuma bincika shi kafin kowane amfani. Wannan ya shafi igiyoyi, slings, da kayan aiki da ake amfani da su a cikin tsarin janyewa.
  • NECA/FOA 301: Matsayi don shigar da igiyoyin fiber optic, gami da gwajin janyewa da shawarwarin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki.

Sanin waɗannan ƙa'idodin yana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da aminci da wucewa a kan dubawa. Jagorar OSHA na Tsaron Gina OSHA ya ba da ƙarin mahallin kan rigging da jan aminci.

Shawarwari na Tsaro don Ja Waya

  • Ka duba duk igiyoyi, da kuma kayan da za a yi amfani da su kafin ka cire su, ka duba ko akwai lalacewa ko kuma lalacewa a cikin su.
  • Ka saka kayan aikin da suka dace: safofin hannu don ka kāre kanka daga yanke, tabarau don ka kāre kanka daga yin amfani da takalma, da kuma hataye masu ƙarfi.
  • Kada ka wuce MWL na wani bangare. Yi amfani da mai iyakance tashin hankali ko clutch a kan masu jan wutar lantarki idan zai yiwu.
  • Ka yi amfani da siginar hannu, rediyo, ko kuma kiran da aka riga aka yi maka. Ka dakatar da jan nan da nan idan ka rasa ganin ido.
  • Lokacin da kake jan rami ko saman, tabbatar da cewa wuraren rigging kamar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa, sandunan watsawa, ko rollers na rami suna da ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar
  • Don jan saman tsaye, ka kulle igiyar a kasa don hana ta zamewa baya idan an saki tashin hankali. Yi amfani da tashoshin igiya ko ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa.
  • Idan ka yi ƙoƙari ka yi hakan, ka daina kuma ka bincika, amma kada ka yi amfani da ƙarfin da kake da shi don hakan zai nuna cewa ka yi wani abu da ba zai yiwu ba, ko kuma ka yi wani abu da ya sa ka yi sanyin gwiwa ko kuma ka yi wani abu da ya ɓata.
  • Ka riƙa tsabtace wuraren da kake aiki kuma kada ka yi tuntuɓe.

Ƙarshen

Lissafin ƙarfin kaya don kayan aikin jan waya ba kawai motsa jiki bane na lissafishi ne tushen amintaccen, ƙwararrun shigar da kebul. Ta hanyar kimanta nauyin kebul, jujjuyawar, tasirin lankwasawa, da kuma amfani da iyakokin aminci masu ƙarfi, zaku iya zaɓar kayan aikin da zasu yi aiki da aminci ba tare da haɗarin lalacewa ba. Auna lokaci na ainihi tare da mai karfin juyi yana ƙara wani matakin tabbaci wanda ƙididdiga kadai ba za su iya bayarwa ba. Dole ne a girmama kowane ɓangaren sarkar jan, kuma babu gajerar hanya da ta cancanci farashin jan aiki ko ma'aikaci da ya ji rauni. An shirya ku da hanyar mataki-mataki da la'akari a cikin wannan jagorar, zaku iya kusanci kowane kebul tare da tabbacin cewa an kare kayan aikinku da ƙungiyar ku. Ka tuna: Yi amfani da sau biyu, kuma koyaushe ku girmama iyakokin. Don karantawa, jagorar TFLT: Safety: TFLT: TFLT: TFLT: TFLT: TFLT: TFLT: TFLT: TFLT: TFLT: TFL