Table of Contents

Kudin Tsayawa a Tsakanin Tsarin Tsayawa

Yin amfani da wayoyin lantarki a cikin ginin kasuwanci ba aiki ne na yau da kullun ba. Yana zaune a mahaɗin aminci, bin ƙa'idodi, da amincin dogon lokaci. Duk da haka har ma da ƙwararrun ma'aikata na iya yin amfani da su don yin lalacewa da ɓoye, haifar da wuraren lalacewa a nan gaba, ko haifar da rashin bin doka nan take. Kuskuren da suka fi tsada ba su da yawa; sakamakon ƙananan lalacewa ne yayin tsarawa, zaɓin kayan aiki, da aiwatarwa. Fahimtar inda waɗannan kurakuran suka samo asali da yadda za a hana su yana da mahimmanci ga duk wanda ke da alhakin shigar da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki ko na lantarki.

Sakamakon mummunan zaren janyewa ya wuce burin gaggawa na kebul ɗin da aka makale. Nits a cikin rufi na iya wucewa ba a gano shi ba har sai an kunna kebul, wanda ke haifar da kuskuren arc ko ɓarkewar ƙasa. Hanyar da aka cika fiye da iyakancewar lambar tana haifar da wuce gona da iri wanda ke rage rayuwar mai gudanarwa. Kuma janyewar da ba a rubuta ta da kyau na iya sa kiyayewa ta gaba wasa mai tsammani. A ƙasa za mu bincika mafi yawan kuskuren da za a iya kauce wa, an tsara su ta hanyar aikin aiki wanda yawanci suke faruwa.

Rashin isasshen shirin da kuma kimantawa na hanya kafin a cire shi

Idan aka yi la'akari da hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita, za a iya yin la'akari da yadda za a yi amfani da ita a lokacin da aka yi amfani da ita don yin amfani da ita.

Rashin Kula da Lissafi na Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin

Daya daga cikin kuskuren da aka fi yawan yi shi ne jan waya zuwa hanyar tseren da ta riga ta kai ko sama da iyakar ƙarfin cikawa. Dokar lantarki ta kasa (NEC) ta samar da tabarau masu kyau don cika tashar dangane da girman waya, nau'in rufi, da yawan masu gudanarwa. Fiye da waɗannan iyakokin ba kawai yana haifar da keta doka ba; yana haifar da yanayi don yawan zafin jiki wanda zai iya lalata rufi a tsawon lokaci.

  • Rage ampacity saboda kama zafi
  • Ƙarin tashin hankali na jan hankali wanda zai iya mika ko lalata masu gudanarwa
  • Rashin wahala a lokacin sake cirewa ko ƙarawa a nan gaba

A cikin wani abin dogara da aiki ne don amfani da ainihin girma daga masana'antun da bayanan da aka samu, ba kawai girman suna ba. Idan akwai shakka, duba teburin NEC ko amfani da kalkuleta mai cika kwantena daga tushen abin dogara kamar FLT:0NFPA.

Yin watsi da Hanyar Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan

Kowane madauri na kwantena, akwatin haɗuwa, da canjin shugabanci yana ƙara jan hankali. Tsawon gudu tare da madauri masu digiri 90 da yawa na iya haifar da ƙarfi wanda ya wuce ƙarfin jan hankali na waya, musamman idan ba a yi amfani da lubricant mai jan hankali ba ko kuma idan an yi ƙoƙarin janye daga wani wuri. Yawancin jan hankali na kasuwanci sun kasa saboda ƙungiyar ba ta shigar da akwatunan jan hankali na tsakiya ba ko kuma ba ta lissafa tasirin haɗuwa da yawa na kusanci-radio bends.

NEC ta iyakance jimlar yawan lankwasawa tsakanin wuraren janyewa zuwa digiri 360 na gaba ɗaya (misali, lankwasawa huɗu na digiri 90). wucewa ba wai kawai ya keta lambar ba amma kuma yana sa janyewar ta zama ba zai yiwu ba ba ba tare da lalata masu jagora ba.

A lokacin da kake shirin, ka bi dukan hanyar. Ka yi alama a kowane sashi, kuma ka yi amfani da shi. Idan ka sami karkatarwa da aka samu zuwa digiri 270, ka saka wani ƙarin akwatin jawowa. Wannan mataki mai sauƙi zai iya hana ka yin sanyin gwiwa na rabin rana da kuma kashe kuɗin da kake kashewa don ka yanke waya da ta lalace.

Rashin Yin La'akari da Nau'in Waya da Kayan Jaket

Gidajen kasuwanci suna da nau'ikan igiyoyi daban-daban: THHN / THWN a cikin bututun ƙarfe, MC cable a cikin hanyoyin da aka fallasa, igiyoyi masu ƙona wuta, da igiyoyin bayanai. Kowane ɗayan yana da halaye na jan hankali na musamman. THHN yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi tare da jaket na nailan wanda za'a iya yankewa ta gefen bututun mai kaifi. MC cable yana da nauyi kuma yana buƙatar ɗaukar ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda baya matse makamai da lalata masu gudanarwa na ciki. Yin amfani da hanyar janareta ta jan hankali ga kowane nau'i kuskure ne na kowa. Ƙungiyar Masu Kula da Injin Injin lantarki ta Duniya (IAEI) FLT:1 ta ba da shawarar tuntuɓar umarnin shigar da masana'anta don kowane nau'in kebul kafin fara jan hankali.

Kuskuren Zaɓin Kayan Aiki da Kayan Aiki

Yin amfani da kayan aiki da ba daidai ba ko kuma da ba su da kyau kuskure ne da za a iya kauce wa idan aka yi bincike kafin a yi aiki. Kudin da ake samu don a yi amfani da wani kayan aiki da ya dace, mai shafawa, ko kuma tef na kifi ya fi na sake jan wani abu da ya lalace ko kuma maye gurbin mai sarrafawa da ya lalace.

Yin Amfani da Ƙunƙun Ƙunƙun Ƙunƙun Ƙunƙun Ƙunƙun Ƙunƙun Ƙunƙun Ƙunƙun Ƙunƙun Ƙunƙun Ƙunƙun Ƙunƙun Ƙunƙun Ƙunƙun Ƙunƙun Ƙunƙun

Ƙarin ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙ

Yin watsi da Mai, ko Yin Amfani da Nau'in da Bai Dace

Friction shine babban maƙiyi na dogon jan. Fitar da THHN a cikin EMT na iya haifar da zafi wanda ke narke jaket na nailan. A madadin haka, amfani da lubricant wanda bai dace da kayan jaket ba zai iya haifar da kumburi, tsagewa, ko lalata sinadarai. Akwai lubricants na polywater don amfani na kowa, silicone na musamman don matsanancin zafin jiki, da kuma wax-based don takamaiman jaket na filastik. Zaɓin da ya dace ya dogara da keɓewar mai gudanarwa da kayan aikin.

Kuskuren lubrication na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

  1. Yin amfani da ƙananan lubricant (kawai a farkon janyewa).
  2. Yin amfani da lubricant kai tsaye a kan bututun kafin a cire shi, wanda sau da yawa yakan bushe kafin waya ta kai wannan sashin.
  3. Yin amfani da sabulu na gida ko jelly mai mai a matsayin maye gurbinsa, duka biyun suna iya barin ragowar da ke hana jan ruwa a nan gaba ko kuma jawo ƙura.

Hanya mai kyau ita ce ta shafa lubricant a kan waya yayin da ta shiga cikin bututun, ta amfani da famfo mai shafawa ko goga don rufewa daidai. Sake amfani da shi a kai a kai idan janyewar ya daɗe ko kuma idan tashin hankali ya ƙaru.

Fayafai da Kayan Jirgin Ruwa da ke Sama

Yin amfani da tef na kifi na ƙarfe a cikin bututu wanda ya riga ya ƙunshi masu gudanarwa masu rai yana da haɗarin haɗari. Don sababbin kayan aiki, sandar kifi mara sarrafawa ta fiberglass ta fi aminci kuma ba ta da yuwuwar lalata rufi. Don dogon janyewa, ya kamata a yi amfani da igiyar janyewa tare da ƙarfin karya mai ƙarfi (kamar Dyneema ko nailan) tare da haɗewar juyawa don hana juyawa. Kuskuren gama gari shine amfani da igiya mai kauri, wanda ke ƙara jujjuyawar cikin bututun.

Rashin Bin Dokokin Tsaro da Tsaro

Kuskuren da ya saɓa wa Dokar Wutar Lantarki ta Ƙasa ba kawai hakkin doka ba ne amma sau da yawa yana haifar da yanayi don wuta, haɗari, ko lalacewar kayan aiki.

Idan Ka Kusaci Mai Gudanarwa, Ka Yi Sanyin Gwiwa Sa'ad da Ka haɗa Kayayyaki da Yawa

Lokacin da aka jawo fiye da uku masu ɗaukar halin yanzu a cikin wani bututu ko kwandon waya guda ɗaya, dole ne a cire ampsity ta hanyar NEC Table 310.15 (C) 1) [1] Wannan galibi ana rasa lokacin da wani ya jawo babban rukunin wayoyin THHN na mutum zuwa hanyar tsere. Misali, mai ɗaukar tagulla mai daraja 75 ° C # 10 AWG yana da ƙarfin tushe na 35 amps. Idan aka cire tare da wasu masu ɗaukar halin yanzu takwas, maɓallin lalatawa shine 70%, yana sa ampsity mai amfani ya ragu zuwa 24.5. Amfani da ƙimar asali na iya haifar da zafi da wuta.

Yin Ja Ba tare da Yin Ƙari da Ƙulla Ƙari ba

A cikin ƙarfe-mai rufi ko tsarin EMT, ramin kanta wani lokacin tana aiki a matsayin hanyar ƙasa. Lokacin da ake jan wayoyi, aikin ja zai iya lalata ci gaba da ramin idan haɗin haɗin ya sassauta ko kuma idan wani kaifi ya cire rufin zinc a kan mahaɗin. NEC yana buƙatar duk hanyoyin tseren ƙarfe su kasance masu ci gaba da aiki da inji da lantarki. Bincika duk ramin da ke gudana bayan ja, musamman a cikin haɗin gwiwa da mahaɗan, don tabbatar da cewa sun kasance masu ƙarfi da rashin lalata.

Ka Manta Ka Bar Ƙungiyoyin da Za Ka Yi Amfani da Su a Nan Gaba

Wani ƙaramin kuskure amma na kowa: bayan kammala janyewa, ma'aikatan suna cire igiyar janyewa ko tef na kifi ba tare da barin igiyar janyewa a cikin bututun ba. NEC ba ta buƙatar wannan kai tsaye, amma mafi kyawun aiki a cikin aikin kasuwanci shine barin layin saƙo (yawanci igiyar janyewar nylon) a cikin kowane bututun da ba shi da komai. Wannan matakin mai sauƙi yana adana lokaci mai yawa lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙara igiyoyi na gaba. Yawancin shigarwa suna shan wahala daga za mu yi shi daga baya watsi da barin babu zaren baya.

Kuskuren da Aka Yi Sa'ad da Ake Fitar da Mutane

Ko da an tsara da kyau kuma an yi amfani da kayan aiki, kurakurai a lokacin da ake jan waya za su iya kawar da dukan shiri.

Yin Amfani da Ƙarfin Ƙarfi ko Kuma Fitar da Ƙarfi

An tsara waya ta lantarki don ɗaukar halin yanzu, ba a janye ta kamar igiya ba. Lokacin da ja ya haɗu da juriya, halayen halitta shine ya janye mafi ƙarfi. Wannan na iya shimfiɗa tagulla, ƙara juriya har abada, ko ya keta rufi daga mai jagora a riƙe mai janye. An fi so mai santsi, mai ɗorewa ta amfani da mai jan zaren na lantarki ko winch. Ma'aikatan mutane biyu zuwa uku suna amfani da fasaha ta hannu akan hannu na iya amfani da ƙarfi da yawa idan duk suna jan lokaci ɗaya. Yi amfani da ma'aunin tashin hankali idan masana'antar kebul ta ƙayyade matsakaicin tashin hankali.

Abin da Za Ka Yi Idan Waya Ba Ta Tawaya Ba

  • Ka daina jan nan da nan.
  • Ka ƙara man shafawa a wurin shiga kuma ka matsa waya a baya don ka sa man shafawa ta shiga cikin bututun.
  • Idan waya ta makale, kada ka ƙara ƙarfin. Maimakon haka, ka yi la'akari da yankewa da kuma sake janyewa daga ƙarshen idan zai yiwu, ko kuma ka saka akwatin janye a wani wuri na tsakiya.
  • Kada ku taɓa haɗa wata mota ko winch ba tare da na'urar da ke iyakance tashin hankali ba. Kuskuren da aka saba yi a manyan ayyuka na kasuwanci shine amfani da babbar mota don jan wannan kusan koyaushe yana haifar da matsanancin tashin hankali da lalacewa.

Yin Ja-goranci Masu Gudanar da Waya da Yawa a Lokaci Ɗaya

Duk da yake yana da inganci don jan dukkan juzu'i a cikin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaida

Rashin Kula da Waya a Wurin Shiga da Fitowa

Ƙarshen bututu, musamman shigarwa a cikin akwatin haɗuwa, suna da kaifi. Ba tare da madaidaicin bushing ko zoben kariya ba, jaket ɗin waya za a yi gogewa yayin da aka ja shi. Wannan lalacewar galibi ba a lura da shi har sai an lalata rufin zuwa ga mai gudanarwa. Yi amfani da bututun bututu ko filastik mai santsi wanda ya ƙare a kowane ƙarshen. Hakanan, sanya ɗigon tufafi mai tsabta ko takardar filastik a ƙasa inda aka mirgine waya don kiyaye datti da ɓarnar daga jaket ɗin.

Bayanan Bayanai da Bayanan Labarai

Bayan an yi nasarar janyewa, aikin bai gama ba. Gidajen kasuwanci suna buƙatar ganowa da kyau ga kowane mai karɓa da kuma kewayawa. Kurakurai a wannan mataki suna haifar da rikicewa da haɗarin aminci ga masu fasaha na gaba.

Rashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙ

Lokacin da aka jawo wayoyi da yawa tare, yana da mahimmanci a sanya alama ga kowane mai gudanarwa a tushen da ƙarshen kaya. Yin amfani da tef mai launi ko alamomin lamba waɗanda suka dace da jadawalin kewayawa misali ne. Kuskuren gama gari shine sanya alama ta ƙarshen ɗaya kawai ko amfani da tef wanda ya faɗi a cikin akwatin haɗuwa mai zafi. Yi amfani da alamomin dindindin akan alamomin waya waɗanda ke da juriya da manne. Rubutu labaran a cikin zane da aka adana a cikin panel.

Ba a Gwada Ci Gaba Ba Kafin Ka Rufe Ƙarfin

Kafin yankewa da ƙare, yi amfani da mai gwada ci gaba (ko baturi mai sauƙi da buzzer) don tabbatar da cewa kowane mai gudanarwa bai lalace ba kuma babu gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren gajeren

Takaitaccen Ayyuka Mafi Kyawu don Samun Kasuwanci na Kasuwanci

Idan muka guji yin waɗannan kurakuran, muna bukatar mu bi da su da kyau kuma mu bi tsarin da ya dace da tsarin da za mu yi amfani da shi a nan gaba.

  • Sanya hanya: Lissafi bends, tsara jawo kwalaye, tabbatar da dubul cika.
  • Zaɓi kayan aikin da suka dace: Yi amfani da madaidaitan riƙewa, lubricants, da tef na kifi.
  • ]Bi lambar: ] Dakatar da lokacin da ake buƙata, kula da ci gaba da ƙasa.
  • ] Ja da kyau: ] Kula da tashin hankali, shafa mai da kyau, kare gefuna.
  • ]Document: Label kowane mai gudanarwa, bar wani jan kirtani, da kuma gwajin ci gaba.

Ta hanyar sanin kuskuren da zasu iya faruwa yayin jan waya, masu sana'ar lantarki na iya isar da kayan aiki waɗanda ke da aminci, masu jituwa, kuma an gina su don tsayawa. Kudin rigakafi wani akwatin jan ƙarin, kwalban mai shafawa daidai, lokacin lakabi ba shi da mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da kuɗin sake aiki, downtime, ko abin da ya faru na aminci. Don ƙarin jagora, duba shafin OSHA na aminci na lantarki FLT:1 da sabon fitowar NFPA 70 (NEC).