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Fahimtar Ƙungiyoyi da Ƙungiyoyi

A cikin mahallin jan waya, pulleys da bloki na'urori ne na inji waɗanda ke sake jagorantar layin janyewa kuma suna ba da fa'ida ta inji. Ana amfani da waɗannan sharuɗɗan sau da yawa a madadin juna, amma "block" yawanci yana nufin pulley da aka sanya a cikin firam ko shell, galibi tare da sheaves da yawa (wallan da aka yi wa kullun). Manufar mahimmanci ita ce canza shugabancin ƙarfi, ninka ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi, ko duka. fahimtar waɗannan abubuwan da suka dace yana da mahimmanci kafin nutsewa cikin ka'idodin zaɓi.

Nau'in Pulleys da Block

Masana'antar jan waya tana amfani da tsari daban-daban, kowannensu an inganta shi don takamaiman ayyuka:

  • FLT:0]] Fixed (ko Mounted) Pulleys: An haɗa su da tsari, waɗannan suna canza shugabancin janyewa ba tare da samar da fa'ida ta inji ba. Misali, toshewar da aka saka a kusurwa tana sake jagorantar layin janyewa digiri 90. Suna da sauƙi amma suna da mahimmanci don tura kebul a kusa da shinge.
  • Pulleys masu motsi: Pulley kanta tana motsi tare da kaya. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ita ita kadai, pulley mai motsi yana ba da fa'idar inji ta 2: 1, rage ƙarfin janyewar da ake buƙata da rabi. Duk da haka, ba a amfani da su kadai a cikin jan waya ba saboda kaya dole ne ya yi tafiya sau biyu nesa.
  • FlT:0 Multiple Sheave Blocks (Hoist Blocks ko Pulley Blocks): Waɗannan suna da biyu, uku, ko fiye da sheaves (wanda galibi ake kira "double sheave", "triple sheave, "da dai sauransu).
  • Ana amfani da su musamman don tallafawa kebul a cikin gudu maimakon sake jagora, toshe na roller suna da jerin rollers masu juyawa kyauta waɗanda ke jagorantar kebul yayin rage ma'amala. Ana amfani da su sau da yawa don dogon jan layi.
  • FlT: 0]]Sheve Blocks tare da Swivels: [1] Waɗannan suna ba da damar sheve don juyawa a kwance, hana kebul daga juyawa da rage damuwa. Suna da mahimmanci don janyewa a cikin sarari masu kewaye ko lokacin da jagoran jan ya canza.

Amfani da Kayan Aiki da Kuma Inganci

Amfanin inji (MA) shine rabo na ƙarfin fitarwa (ƙarfin janyewar a kan kebul) zuwa ƙarfin shigarwa (ƙarfin da mai janyewa ya yi amfani da shi). Don tsarin toshewa da tsarin magancewa mai sauƙi, MA na ka'idar daidai yake da yawan layin tallafi da aka haɗa da kaya. Duk da haka, ana rage amfanin inji na gaske ta hanyar jujjuya a cikin kayan kwalliya da kuma lankwasa igiya a kusa da kayan kwalliya. Wannan rage yana kama ta "amfanin toshewa".

Mahimman Abubuwan Zaɓin Waya don Kayan Kayan Waya da Katako

Zaɓin da ya dace ya fi zaɓan abin da ya dace da igiyar waya.

Ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya (Limit na ɗaukar aiki)

Kowane pulley da block yana da rated Working Load Limit (WLL), wanda shine iyakar amintaccen kaya da zai iya rikewa. Load a kan pulley a lokacin da waya jan ne ba kawai da kebul nauyi; shi ya hada da tashin hankali da ake bukata don shawo kan ta'addanci, nauyi (a tsaye runs), da kuma inji amfani da tsarin. Don wani redirect pulley, da load a kan pulley iya zama muhimmanci mafi girma fiye da line tashin hankali saboda kusurwar jan. Alal misali, a 90-digiri lankwasa iya ninka load a kan pulley. Koyaushe zabi a pulley da a WLL da ya wuce iyakar sa ran karfi, ciki har da wani aminci factor. masana'antu mafi kyau yi shi ne ya taba wuce 80% na WLL.

Tsarin Tsarin Girman Girma da Tsarin Girma

Girman sheave yana daya daga cikin mahimman sigogi don kare igiyoyi. Idan sheave yana da ƙanƙanci da yawa dangane da diamita na kebul, kebul ɗin yana lankwasawa sosai, yana haifar da damuwa ta ciki da yiwuwar lalacewar keɓewar mai gudanarwa ko jaket. Babban ƙa'ida ita ce cewa diamita na sheave ya zama aƙalla sau 20 na diamita na kebul don igiyoyin wutar lantarki da sau 8 zuwa 10 don igiyoyin bayanai / iko. Dole ne groove ya kasance mai santsi da girman daidai don yin shinge da kebul ba tare da matsa shi ba. zurfin grooves yana rage nauyin gefen kuma yana hana kebul daga hawa. Yawancin katako masu inganci suna da polyurethane ko liners na nylon waɗanda ke kare jaket na waje na kebul.

Nau'in Friction da kuma Kayan da Aka Saka

Friction a cikin tsarin pulley kai tsaye yana fassara zuwa ƙaruwar jan hankali. Nau'in ɗaukar nauyi (mai sauƙi, mai juyawa, ko ƙwallon) yana da babban tasiri akan inganci. Flat bushings (yawanci tagulla) suna da ƙarfi amma suna da ƙarin juyawa, masu dacewa da lodawa ko matsakaici. Matsakaiciyar kayan kwalliya suna ba da ƙananan juyawa kuma suna da yawa a cikin katunan jan nauyi. Matsakaiciyar kwalliya mai ɗaure tana ba da mafi ƙarancin juyawa kuma suna da kyau ga dogon, babban sauri, ko tsananin juyawa, kodayake suna buƙatar kulawa da yawa a cikin yanayin datti. Don iyakar inganci, zaɓi katunan da aka rufe da ƙwallon kwalliya kuma bincika cewa an shafa su yadda ya kamata.

Yanayin Abubuwan da Ke Cikin Yanayi da Yanayin Muhalli

Ana yin katako da katako ne da aka yi da karfe, aluminum, ko kayan haɗin gwiwa masu ƙarfi. Karfe yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma mai ɗorewa amma mai nauyi; an fi son shi don matsanancin yanayin masana'antu inda tasirin zai iya faruwa. Katako na aluminum sun fi sauƙi, rage gajiyawar ma'aikata, kuma suna da juriya ga lalata, yana mai da su manufa ga aikin waje da bakin teku. Katako masu haɗuwa sune mafi ƙarancin haske da juriya ga sinadarai, amma suna iya samun ƙarancin ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya kuma ya kamata a bincika su don lalata UV idan aka yi amfani da su a waje. Muhalli kuma ya ba da buƙatar ɗaukar kayan da ke da juriya ga yanayi, ɗaukar hatsi don cire ƙura da ruwa, da kayan aiki masu jure lalata. Don ƙasa ko shigarwa mai danshi, abubuwan haɗin ƙarfe mara launi sun fi dacewa.

Yawan Ƙunƙun da Ƙunƙun da Aka Sake Sake Yin

Ƙarin shinge yana ba da fa'ida ta inji, amma kowane ƙarin shinge yana ƙara jujjuyawar. Don wani aiki, yi amfani da ƙarancin adadin shinge waɗanda ke ba da fa'idar da ake buƙata. Ƙarƙashin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin

Saurin Ja da Kuma Tsarin Aiki

Idan kuna shirin janyewa a babban gudu (suna da ƙarfi), zaɓi tubalan da ke da kayan shafa mai da ƙuƙwalwa masu zafi da ƙuƙwalwa masu zafi. Don janyewar lokaci-lokaci, daidaitaccen kayan kwalliya mai ƙuƙwalwa suna da kyau. Hakanan la'akari da sake zagayowar aiki: idan kuna jan wayoyi da yawa ta hanyar toshewa ɗaya, dole ne a tsara toshe don maimaita lodawa ba tare da lalacewa ba.

Tasirin Zaɓin da Ya Dace a Kan Ingancin Fitar da Waya

Ƙarƙashin da ya dace ko kuma ƙofar da ta dace ya canja tsarin cire waya.

Ƙara Ƙarfin Jiki da Ƙara Yawan Aiki

Wani tsari mai girman da ya dace kuma mai ƙarancin gogewa na iya rage ƙarfin janyewar da ake buƙata da 3050% idan aka kwatanta da wanda aka zaɓa da kyau. Wannan yana nufin ma'aikatan biyu na iya yin aikin huɗu, ko ma'aikaci ɗaya na iya yin janyewar da za ta buƙaci yin winch. Adadin lokaci yana da yawa. Misali, janyewar da ta gabata ta buƙaci minti 30 na janyewa za a iya kammala ta cikin minti 10 tare da toshewar dama. A yayin aikin guda ɗaya, wannan ya haɗu da babban adana farashin aiki. Bugu da ƙari, rage ƙarfin jiki yana rage haɗarin raunin tsoka da ƙashin tsoka a tsakanin ma'aikata.

Ka rage Rashin Canjin Kabulu da Sake Yin Aiki

Daya daga cikin sakamakon mafi tsada na rashin zabin pulley shine lalacewar kebul. Gwanin da ya yi ƙanƙani sosai ko kuma yana da tsananin tsalle na iya lalata jaket ɗin kebul ko ma karya masu gudanarwa. Dole ne a yanke kuma a haɗa kebul ɗin da ya lalace, wanda ke jinkirta jadawalin kuma yana ƙara farashin kayan. Gwanin da aka tsara daidai tare da madaidaitan tsalle masu girma suna hana lalata, yin taƙaitawa, da kuma tsagewa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga wayoyi masu mahimmanci kamar fiber optics ko wayoyin wutar lantarki masu ƙarfin lantarki, inda lalacewa na iya haifar da asarar sigina ko lahani mai haɗari. A cewar wani binciken da Kungiyar Masu Sashin Wutar Lantarki ta Kasa (NECA), har zuwa 40% na gazawar kebul a cikin tsarin da aka shigar ana iya gano shi zuwa lalacewar shigarwa, wanda yawancin ana iya hana shi ta amfani da gyara kayan aiki.

An Inganta Tsaron Ma'aikata

Zaɓin kwandon da ba daidai ba na iya haifar da yanayi masu haɗari. Kwandon da ba shi da isasshen ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya na iya yin lalacewa cikin bala'i a ƙarƙashin tashin hankali, yana sakin makamashi da aka adana kuma yana bugun layin. Irin waɗannan haɗarin sun haifar da raunin rauni da mutuwa. Bugu da ƙari, babban tsatsa yana haifar da zafi wanda zai iya ƙona ma'aikata ko ƙone kayan ƙonewa. Blockes da aka ɗorawa na iya sa igiya ta zame ko lalace da sauri, wanda ke haifar da asarar sarrafawa ba zato ba tsammani. Ta amfani da kwandon da aka ƙayyade daidai da kwandon da kwandon da ke da inganci mai girma, kuna tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin jan hankali ya kasance mai yiwuwa kuma mai sarrafawa, yana rage haɗarin gazawar kayan aiki ko koma baya mara kyau. Wurin aiki mai inganci shine wurin aiki mai inganci.

Tsawon Rayuwar Kayan Aiki

Zaɓin katako mai kyau don aikin yana ƙara tsawon rayuwar kayan aiki. Kayan da aka cika ko aka yi amfani da shi tare da lalacewa mai datti zai lalace da sauri. Akasin haka, katako da aka zaɓa daidai wanda ke aiki a cikin sigogin da aka tsara zai daɗe har zuwa daruruwan janyewa tare da kulawa mai kyau. Wannan yana rage jimlar kuɗin mallaka kuma yana rage lokacin kashewa don maye gurbin kayan aiki.

Mafi kyawun Ayyuka don Zaɓin da Amfani da Pulley da Block

Don samun nasarar da aka kwatanta a sama, bi waɗannan kyawawan ayyuka na masana'antu.

Ƙididdigar Tallafin

Kafin kowane jan waya, gudanar da cikakken kimantawa: lissafa ƙididdigar jan hankali (ta amfani da zane-zane da dabaru daga tushe kamar Dokar Lantarki ta Kasa (FLT: 0) ko jagororin masana'anta), ƙayyade yawan kusurwa da kusurwoyin lankwasawa, da gano matsakaicin diamita na kebul. Dangane da wannan, zaɓi toshewa (s) tare da WLL mai dacewa, diamita na sheave, da nau'in lalacewa.

Ka Yi Bincike Kafin Ka Yi Amfani da Shi

Kafin kowane janye, duba guntu na pulley: bincika ramuka a cikin sheaves ko frame, lalacewa ko kama bearings, lalacewar groove liners, da kuma lubrication daidai. Tabbatar da cewa lakabin mai sana'a tare da WLL ne iya karantawa. Idan akwai wani lalacewa ko wuce haddi lalacewa, kada ku yi amfani da guntu. Aiwatar da launi-coded tagging tsarin nuna duba matsayi.

Aikace-aikace da kuma Saitawa da Ya Dace

Sanya toshe a amince zuwa wani anchor batu da zai iya rike da sa ran load (da anchor ya kamata a rated ga akalla sau biyu da iyakar jan tashin hankali). Tabbatar da cewa jan line gudana da yardar kaina ta hanyar sheave ba tare da gefe load. ga redirect pulleys, kwana na lankwasawa ya kamata a kiyaye kamar yadda kananan kamar yadda m; kauce wa 180-digiri bends, wanda sa matsananci matsa lamba a kan toshe da kuma na USB. Yi amfani da juya tubalan inda jan shugabanci canza sau da yawa.

Ka Yi Amfani da Mai da Ya Dace

Yi amfani da lubricant mai cire waya zuwa igiyar waya da kuma tsalle-tsalle don rage tsagewa (amma bincika dacewar da jaket ɗin igiyar waya). Don kayan kwalliya, yi amfani da lubricants da masana'antun suka ba da shawarar.

Horar da Ma'aikata

Dole ne a horar da dukan ma'aikatan jirgin game da zaɓar da ya dace, saitawa da kuma sarrafa kayan aiki da kuma katako. Ya kamata su san yadda za su lissafa amfani na inji, karanta ƙididdigar kaya, da kuma gane alamun rashin cin nasara. Ya kamata a ba da horo na sabuntawa na yau da kullum, musamman idan aka gabatar da sababbin nau'ikan kayan aiki.

Kula da Shi da Kuma Sauya Shi a Kai a Kai

Kafa shirin kulawa: tsabtace lalacewa bayan kowane aiki a cikin yanayin datti, maye gurbin liners na sheave lokacin da suka nuna lalacewa, da kuma gwada ƙimar ɗaukar nauyin block tare da nauyin tabbatar da lalacewa. maye gurbin kowane block wanda ya sami nauyin lalacewa sama da WLL. Kiyaye bayanan kula da tarihin amfani. Ana samun kyakkyawan tunani don jadawalin kulawa daga masana'antun kamar Lewis Supply ko Klein Tools .

Ƙarshen

Zaɓin kwandon lantarki da na'ura mai kyau ba wani tunani ba ne bayan tunani. Yana da muhimmin bangare na jawo waya mai inganci da aminci. Ta hanyar fahimtar ƙa'idodin inji, kimanta mahimman abubuwan zaɓa kamar ƙarfin kaya, diamita na sheave, taƙaitawa, da kayan aiki, da bin kyawawan ayyuka, ƙwararrun masu aikin lantarki na iya inganta sakamakon aikin sosai. Kayan aikin da ya dace yana rage ƙarfin janyewa, yana kare wayoyi masu tsada, yana haɓaka amincin ma'aikata, kuma yana tsawaita rayuwar kayan aiki. Kowane janyewar waya ya kamata ya fara da zaɓin kwandon waya da na'ura, wanda aka tsara don takamaiman aikin da ke hannun. saka hannun jari lokaci a cikin wannan shawarar ta farko yana ba da lada a cikin inganci, adana kuɗi, da kwanciyar hankali a kowane aiki.