Umurni na Ɗaukaka Kabulu ta Ƙarƙashin Gidajen Gida

Fahimtar Tsarin Kable na NM da Tsarin Waya na Gida

Kayan waya mai laushi mara ƙarfe, wanda aka fi sani da kebul na NM ko Romex, shine hanyar waya ta yau da kullun don tsarin lantarki na mazauna a duk faɗin Arewacin Amurka. Wannan nau'in kebul ya ƙunshi masu karɓar biyu ko fiye da kebul da aka kunsa a cikin jaket ɗin PVC mai ɗorewa, yana mai da shi mai sassauƙa don yin tafiya ta cikin rami na bango yayin samar da kariya mai kyau daga lalacewar jiki a cikin ɓoyayyun wurare. Kafin cire kebul na NM ta cikin bango, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci iyakoki da buƙatun da aka ƙayyade ta Dokar lantarki ta ƙasa (NEC), wanda ke kula da ayyukan shigarwa, hanyoyin tsaro, da wuraren da aka yarda don gudanar da wannan nau'in wayoyi.

An amince da kebul na NM don amfani a wurare masu bushewa, masu kariya inda ba za a fallasa shi ga yawan danshi, lalacewar jiki, ko matsanancin zafin jiki ba. Wannan ya sa rami na bango na ciki, sararin sama, da kuma wuraren da aka shirya a kasa su zama wurare masu kyau don gudanar da kebul na NM. Duk da haka, bai kamata ku taɓa shigar da kebul na NM a wuraren da ke ƙarƙashin yanayin lalata ba, a cikin bututun da ke fuskantar hasken rana a waje, ko a wuraren da kebul zai iya lalacewa ta hanyar fasteners ko gefuna masu kaifi. Fahimtar waɗannan abubuwan na asali yana tabbatar da cewa tsarin jan ku yana samar da shigarwa mai jituwa da lambar da za ta wuce dubawa kuma ta kasance mai aminci na shekaru da yawa.

Shirya Hanyar Kabila

Tsarin da ya dace shine mafi mahimmancin abu a cikin nasarar cire kebul. Fara ta hanyar gano tushen da wuraren da aka nufa don kebul ɗinku, ko wannan ya ƙunshi yin amfani da wutar lantarki daga kwamitin murƙushewa zuwa sabon fitowa, haɗa mai sauyawa zuwa hasken rufi, ko ƙara wayoyi don na'urori. Yi amfani da mai ganowa don gano duk membobin shimfidar tsaye, katako na wuta, da duk abubuwan da ke hanawa kamar bututu na bututu, ductwork, ko wasu igiyoyi a cikin rami na bango.

Ka yi la'akari da hanyar da ta fi dacewa da taƙaitawa da taƙaitawa. Ka tuna cewa ka'idodin NEC sun iyakance yawan karkatun a cikin igiyar waya don rage damuwa ga masu gudanarwa da kuma kula da janyewa.

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Ka auna nisan da ke tsakanin wuraren shiga da fita, ka ƙara aƙalla inci 24 na ƙarin kebul a kowane ƙarshen don ba da damar haɗi, madaukai na sabis, da daidaitawa na gaba. Idan hanyarku ta ƙunshi kewayawa a kusa da shinge ko tafiya ta hanyar rami da yawa, ƙara ƙarin tsayi don lissafin tafiya mai tsayi da ake buƙata don ƙetare ko ƙarƙashin shinge. Kuskuren gama gari shine yanke kebul gajere, wanda ke haifar da sanya akwatin haɗuwa mara kyau ko splices wanda za'a iya kaucewa tare da tsarawa mai kyau. Koyaushe kuskure a gefen ƙarin tsayi tunda kebul na NM yana da rahusa a cikin rahusa idan aka kwatanta da aikin da ake buƙata don janyewa ta biyu.

Kayan Aiki da Kayan Aiki da Ake Bukata don Aiki

Samun kayan aiki masu kyau kafin ka fara yana kawar da matsaloli masu ban tsoro kuma yana tabbatar da tsabta da kuma ingantaccen shigarwa. Ga cikakken jerin abubuwan da za ka buƙaci:

NM cable na daidai gauges da kuma yawan masu gudanarwa ga kewaye (yawanci 14/2, 12/2, ko 10/2 ga misali na gida kaya)
Tape na kifi ko mai jan waya na fiberglass (25 zuwa 50 feet ya dace da yawancin aikace-aikacen zama)
Hammer da screwdriver don cire allon tushe ko trim idan ya cancanta
Drywall saw ko kuma mai juyawa da kayan aiki da yawa tare da takalmin yankan ruwa
Tape mai inganci mai inganci don haɗa kebul zuwa tef na kifi
Wire strippers da lineman’s pliers don shirya wayoyin igiya
Finder binciken tare da ikon zurfin bincike don gano katunan wuta da wayoyin da ke akwai
Tape mai auna da fensir don yiwa alama wuraren yanka
Flashlight ko kyamarar dubawa don ganin rami a cikin bango
Sarrafa igiyoyi ko clip don tabbatar da igiyoyi zuwa bangarorin yin kwalliya
tabarau na tsaro da safofin hannu na aiki

Umurni na Ƙarshe don Ja Kablar NM Ta Ƙofar Ganuwa

Mataki na 1: Ka Kashe Ikon Ikon kuma Ka Tabbatar da cewa Circuit ɗin ya Mutu

Kashe babban murƙushewa ko kuma takamaiman murƙushewar kewayawa da ke samar da kowane igiya a yankin da za ku yi aiki. Yi amfani da mai gwada ƙarfin lantarki mara lamba ko multimeter don tabbatar da cewa an kashe dukkan masu gudanarwa kafin a yanke su a cikin bango ko sarrafa wayoyi. Ko da kuna aiki da sabon kewayawa gaba ɗaya, tabbatar da cewa babu ƙarfin lantarki mai ɓoye daga kewayawa masu makwabtaka ko tsaka tsaki. Wannan matakin ba zai yiwu ba don amincin ku kuma ya kamata koyaushe ya zama matakin farko da kuka ɗauka kafin kowane aikin lantarki.

Mataki na 2: Ka yanke ramuka a wuraren shiga da fita

Ta amfani da alamun da kuka yi yayin tsarawa, yanke ramuka a cikin katako mai bushewa a wuraren shigar da tashar waya. Ga yawancin kayan aikin zama, rami mai faɗi kusan inci 2 da inci 3 ya isa don samun damar shiga cikin rami mai bushewa da saka tef na kifi. Sanya ramukan don su daidaita da tsakiyar rami mai bushewa maimakon kai tsaye a gefen rami, wanda ke ba ku damar yin maniyukari da tef da kebul. Yi amfani da saw ɗin bushewa don tsaftace yanke, kuma ku yi hankali don kauce wa yanke kowane igiya, bututu, ko ductwork da ke ɓoye a bayan saman bango. Idan kun haɗu da cikas da ba zato ba tsammani, rufe ramin tare da katako mai bushewa kuma sake tsara hanyarku maimakon tilasta hanyar ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.

Mataki na 3: Nemo kuma ƙirƙirar damar shiga don katunan wuta

Katunan wuta sune membobin shimfidar wurare masu shimfidawa da aka sanya a cikin rami na bango don rage yaduwar gobara ta hanyar ɓoyayyun wurare. A cikin ginin zamani, waɗannan galibi 2x4 ko 2x6 allon ne da aka ƙulla tsakanin sandunan a tsakiyar tsayi. Idan hanyar kebul ɗin ku dole ne ta wuce ta hanyar katunan wuta, kuna buƙatar yin ramuka ta hanyar ta don barin kebul ɗin ya wuce. Yi amfani da dogon ramuka (¼-inch ko ½-inch diamita, 12 zuwa 18 inci) da kuma haɗewar ramuka mai kusurwa idan ya cancanta don isa ga katunan wuta ta hanyar ramin ramin ku. Ramin tsakiya a cikin katunan wuta, yana ƙulla ramukan don kauce wa lalata kewaye da shi ko samun damar bushewa ko wayoyi na yanzu.

Mataki na 4: Ka Saka Fasahar Kifi kuma Ka Yi Tafiya

Ka sauke tef ɗin kifi ka saka ƙarshen da aka karkatar a cikin ramin shigarka na farawa. Ka tura tef ɗin a hankali amma a hankali a cikin rami na bango, ka riƙe ƙarshen ya ɗan yi taƙama zuwa sama ko ƙasa dangane da jagorancin jan ka. Idan tef ɗin ya sami juriya, juya hannunka kaɗan don canza kusurwar karkatar, wanda sau da yawa yakan taimaka masa kewayawa a kusa da shinge. Yi amfani da fitila don bin diddigin ci gaban tef idan ya yiwu, kuma ka sami mataimaki a wurin fita yana sauraron sautin tef ɗin da ke gabatowa zuwa ramin. Don dogon gudu ko hanyoyi masu rikitarwa, yi la'akari da amfani da tef na kifi na fiberglass wanda ba zai iya yin tsagewa ko ɗaurewa fiye da madadin ƙarfe ba.

Mataki na 5: Sanya kebul na NM zuwa tef na kifi

Da zarar ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙolin kifi ya fito daga ramin fita, cire kimanin inci 4 zuwa 6 na jaket na waje daga ƙarshen kebul na NM ta amfani da igiyar waya. Raba masu gudanarwa daban-daban kuma sake ninka su a kan jaket ɗin kebul. Saka ƙwanƙolin kifi ta hanyar madauki wanda masu gudanarwa suka ƙirƙira, sannan sake ninka masu gudanarwa tare da kebul ɗin kuma kunsa dukkan kayan haɗi da ƙarfi da tef na lantarki. Haɗin ya kamata ya zama santsi da daidaitawa, ba tare da gefuna masu kaifi ko sassan girma waɗanda zasu iya kama membobin ƙira ko gefuna na bushewa ba. Tape aƙalla inci 6 a cikin kebul don tabbatar da haɗin ba ya rabu a ƙarƙashin tashin hankali.

Mataki na 6: Ka jawo igiyar ta cikin rami

Koma zuwa ramin shiga na farko kuma fara janye tef na kifi ta hanyar bango. Yi amfani da motsi mai daidaito, ko da janyewa, ta hanyar amfani da tashin hankali a hankali maimakon a cikin fashewar jujjuya. Idan kun ji igiyar ta haɗu ko tashin hankali yana ƙaruwa ba zato ba tsammani, dakatar da janyewa nan da nan kuma tura tef na kifi baya kaɗan don sauƙaƙe matsa lamba. Jiran ko tilasta igiyar na iya lalata masu gudanarwa, tsage jaket na waje, ko haifar da haɗin haɗin, yana barin ku da kebul da ya makale a rabin bango. Idan janyewar ta zama da wuya, bincika don kinks a cikin tef na kifi, gefuna masu kaifi a kan ramin shiga, ko toshewa a cikin rami wanda zai iya kama kebul.

Mataki na 7: Ka ciyar da igiya daga reel don kauce wa rikice-rikice

Yi amfani da reel na kebul ko kuma ka yi amfani da wani na'urar samar da abinci ta hanyar cire reel yayin da kake janyewa don hana juyawa da ƙwanƙwasa. Kada ka bari kebul ya tara a ƙasa a cikin madaukai waɗanda zasu iya zama masu ƙwanƙwasawa kuma su haifar da wuraren tashin hankali yayin janyewa. Kula da kula da kebul a ƙarshen biyu yana kiyaye shigarwa da kuma hana lalacewar jaket na waje. Idan kuna aiki kadai, ku mirgine kebul ɗin daga reel a cikin siffar adadi takwas akan tsabta, bushe farfajiya don ciyar da kyau ba tare da yin keken ba.

Mataki na 8: Ka cire igiyar kuma ka duba ko akwai lalacewa

Lokacin da ƙarshen kebul ya fito a farkon wurin kuma kun cire isasshen sassauci, yanke haɗin haɗin da tef ɗin kifi. Bincika tsawon kebul ɗin don ganin duk wani ƙyama, yankewa, ko abrasions a cikin jaket ɗin waje. Kula da hankali sosai ga wuraren da kebul ya wuce ta cikin ƙananan wurare ko kusa da gefuna masu kaifi. Idan jaket ɗin ta lalace, kuna iya gyara ta ta ta amfani da tef na lantarki idan lalacewa ba ta da yawa kuma masu gudanarwa ba su da lahani, amma don lalacewar da ta fi girma, cire sabon tsayin kebul don tabbatar da aminci da bin ƙa'idodin.

Mataki na 9: Ka Saka Kabil ɗin a Tsere

Yin amfani da igiyoyi na igiyoyi ko filastik na filastik, haɗa igiyar NM zuwa gefen studs a cikin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin mita 4.5 kamar yadda NEC Sashe 334.30 ya buƙata. Dole ne a motsa Staples tare da igiya tare da igiya ba tare da matse ko lalata jaket ba. Ka riƙe igiyar aƙalla inci 1.25 daga gefen membobin shimfidawa don hana rufin bushewar bushewa ko kusoshi shiga cikin masu gudanarwa yayin gamawa. Idan igiyar tana gudana ta hanyar ramuka masu wahala a cikin studs ko katunan wuta, gefen rami dole ne kuma ya kasance aƙalla inci 1.25 daga gefen mafi kusa da membobin shimfidawa sai dai idan an shigar da farantin ƙusa na ƙarfe a kan ramin don kariya.

Mataki na 10: Ka Bar Isasshen Sanya don Haɗin Kai

A ƙarshen tushen da kuma ƙarshen ƙarshen kebul, bar aƙalla inci 12 zuwa 18 na ƙarin kebul ya fito daga ramin shiga ko akwatin haɗuwa. Wannan ramin yana ba ka damar yin haɗin kai cikin sauƙi, sanya akwatin yadda ya kamata, da kuma karɓar kowane canje-canje ko gyare-gyare na gaba. Rufe abin da ya fi tsada a cikin rami ko akwatin haɗuwa maimakon yanke shi gajere. Ka tuna cewa da zarar an rufe bango, ƙara tsawon ba zai yiwu ba tare da yanke ƙarin ramukan shiga ba.

Mataki na 11: Ka rufe ramuka da kuma gama bangon

Bayan an kulle igiyar kuma kun tabbatar da cewa duk haɗin sun yi daidai, gyara ramukan shiga ta amfani da fasahar gyara bushewar bango. Yanke wani yanki na bushewar bango don dacewa da ramin, kulle shi da maƙura na bushewa zuwa tsarin da ke akwai ko kayan tallafi, kuma yi amfani da mahaɗin haɗin gwiwa da tef don ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan ƙare. Bari mahaɗin ya bushe gaba ɗaya kafin gogewa da fenti. Idan ramukan shiga suna cikin wurare waɗanda za a rufe su da fitowa ko canza farantin murfin, zaku iya amfani da ƙaramin zoben laka ko murfin akwatin maimakon cikakken murfin bushewar bango.

Ƙwarewar Fasaha don Fitar da Kayayyaki Masu wuya

Wasu tsarin bango suna gabatar da ƙalubale na musamman waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙwarewa na musamman. Tsoffin gidaje tare da tsarin balloon na iya samun buɗe rami na stud wanda ke faɗaɗa daga cikin rufin ƙasa zuwa rufin ƙasa ba tare da katako na wuta ba, wanda ke sa cire igiya ya fi sauƙi amma yana buƙatar kulawa da ƙone wuta bayan shigarwa. Gidaje tare da ganuwar rufin gida sau da yawa suna buƙatar amfani da sandar haske ko tsarin turawa da yawa don kewaya ta hanyar fiberglass mai yawa ko rufin selulose ba tare da ɗaure igiya ba. Don bango tare da sandar wuta mai faɗi wanda ba za a iya hakowa, yi la'akari da amfani da wata hanya ta madadin da ke gudana da kebul ɗin ta hanyar rufin ƙasa ko cikin rufin ƙasa kuma ya sauka a tsaye cikin rami na bango a wurin da ake so.

Yin Amfani da Lubrication Domin Tsawon Lokaci

Don igiyoyi masu tsalle fiye da mita 50 ko waɗanda ke haɗa da lankwasawa da yawa, yin amfani da lubricant mai jan igiya na iya rage friction sosai kuma ya hana lalacewar jaket. Yi amfani da lubricant wanda aka tsara musamman don kebul na NM, yana amfani da shi a hankali a gefen gaban kebul yayin da yake shiga cikin rami na bango. Guji lubricants na mai da ke iya lalata jaket ɗin PVC a tsawon lokaci. Wasu masu lantarki sun fi son amfani da soso ko masana'anta da aka tsoma da lubricant maimakon yayyafa kai tsaye akan kebul don sarrafa adadin da aka yi amfani da shi.

Kuskuren da Ya Kamata Mu Guje wa

(FLT:0) Fitar da karfi sosai (FLT: 1) — amfani da karfi mai yawa na iya mika masu kwantar da hankali, lalata rufi, ko karya haɗin tef na kifi. Fitar da hankali da kwanciyar hankali, yana tsayawa idan juriya ta karu ba zato ba tsammani.
Yin amfani da ƙananan ramuka masu shiga. Yanke ramuka masu ƙanƙanta suna iyakance ikon ku na jagorantar tef ɗin kifi da bincika rami. Ramin da ya yi girma ya fi sauƙi a gyara fiye da wanda ya tilasta muku yin yaƙi da kebul ɗin duk hanyar.
Shin watsi da bukatun wuta-tsayawa — duk ramuka da aka hako ta hanyar katako na wuta ko saman / ƙananan faranti dole ne a rufe su da ƙuƙwalwar wuta ko ƙuƙwalwar wuta don kiyaye ƙimar ƙin wuta na bangon bango.
Kayan hanyar da ke kusa da bututun ruwa ko HVAC — Dole ne a kiyaye layin NM aƙalla inci 6 daga bututun ruwa mai zafi ko hanyoyin dumama don hana lalacewar zafi sai dai idan an shigar da garkuwar zafi.
Stakling sosai sosai — overdriven cable staples pinch da jaket da kuma iya haifar da rufi rufi a kan lokaci.
FLT:0 — Dole ne a kare layin NM a cikin inci 1.25 na fuskar stud. Gudun layin a gaban studs ba tare da farantin ƙusa mai kariya ba ya keta lambar kuma yana haifar da haɗarin haɗari.

Nasihu da Ayyuka Masu Kyau don Tsaro

Koyaushe kashe wutar lantarki a panel na murƙushewa kuma tabbatar da kewayawa ta mutu tare da mai gwadawa kafin aiki a kusa da duk wani kayan lantarki na yanzu.
Ka saka tabarau don ka kāre idanunka daga ƙura da ke jikin bango, da kuma wasu abubuwa da za su iya hana ka yin amfani da su sa'ad da kake yanka ramuka ko kuma ka yi famfo.
Ka yi amfani da safofin hannu sa'ad da kake riƙe da tef na kifi don ka guji yankewa daga burrs ko gefuna masu kaifi a kan hook ɗin tef.
Kada ka yi aiki kadai a wani wuri da ba ka da isasshen rufin gida ko kuma inda za ka iya yin tuntuɓe ko ka ji rauni ba tare da taimakonka ba.
Bi duk dokokin lantarki na gida da na kasa, gami da bukatun NEC don tallafin kebul, kariya, da rabuwa da sauran tsarin gine-gine.
Ka riƙa amfani da na'urar kashe wuta da ke da ƙarfin yin amfani da wutar lantarki a wurin aikinka.
Yi amfani da na'urar numfashi ko kuma abin rufe ƙura idan ka yanke ta cikin katako mai bushewa ko kuma ka rufe shi don kauce wa haushi a cikin numfashi.

A wane lokaci ne za a kira mai aikin lantarki da ke da lasisi?

Duk da yake janye kebul na NM ta hanyar bangon zama yana cikin ikon yawancin masu sana'a masu ƙwarewa, wasu yanayi suna buƙatar taimakon ƙwararru. Idan aikinku ya ƙunshi ƙara da'ira zuwa allon murƙushewa, gudanar da kebul ta hanyar tarurruka masu ƙone wuta, ko aiki a cikin bango waɗanda ke ƙunshe da asbestos ko kayan da ke ƙunshe da gubar, ku ɗauki mai aikin lantarki mai lasisi don tabbatar da aminci da bin ƙa'idodi. Hakazalika, idan kun haɗu da cikas da ba a zata ba kamar su wayoyin ƙusa da bututu, ɓarkewar murabba'i, ko bango tare da yadudduka da yawa na bushewar bango, ƙwararre zai iya kimanta halin da ake ciki kuma ya ba da shawarar hanya mafi aminci. Kada ku taɓa yin sadaukar da kuɗi don aminci ga aikin, saboda rashin dacewar shigarwar lantarki tana haifar da wuta da haɗari waɗanda suka fi duk wani ajiyar gajeren lokaci girma.

Don ƙarin karatu game da kyawawan ayyuka na wayoyin mazauna, bincika Dokar Lantarki ta Kasa (NFPA 70) don sabbin buƙatu. Mujallar Mai ba da sabis na Lantarki ta FLT:3 tana ba da cikakkun labarai game da fasahar shigarwa, kuma Jagorancin Tsaron Lantarki na OSHA ya ba da mahimman ladabi na aminci ga duk wanda ke aiki tare da tsarin lantarki. Bugu da ƙari, jagorar aikin gidan gida na gida akan kebul na kamun kifi ta bango FLT:7 yana ba da bayanan gani don tsara shigarwar ku.