Table of Contents

Dalilin da Ya Sa Ana Bukatar A Yi Daidai Game da Fitar da Waya ta Wutar Lantarki

Tattara wayoyin lantarki yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyuka mafi ƙarancin jiki da fasaha a cikin gini da kulawa. Tattara guda ɗaya da aka dakatar na iya kashe cikakken sa'o'i na aiki, yayin da lalacewar waya da aka binne a cikin bututu na iya tilasta sake aiki mai tsada. Bayan matsin lamba, kowane janyewar yana ɗaukar tasirin aminci: lalacewar rufi tana kiran gajerun hanyoyi, kuma babban tashin hankali na janyewar na iya juya aikin yau da kullun zuwa mai haɗari. Wannan jagorar yana ba da tsarin tsarin tsarin don gano ainihin dalilan gazawar lalacewar wayoyin da aka saba da su da kuma amfani da hanyoyin da suka dace da lambar.

Yadda Za a Gane Matsaloli na Al'ada Sa'ad da Ake Fitar da Waya ta Wutar Lantarki

1. Rashin waya ko kuma karyewa a ƙarƙashin tashin hankali

Snapping yana daya daga cikin gazawar da ta fi rikitarwa a cikin janyewa. Yawanci yakan faru ne lokacin da ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi ya wuce ƙarfin janyewar mai gudanarwa. Dalilai sun haɗa da janyewa da sauri tare da ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki, ta amfani da waya wanda ya zama mai rauni daga tsufa ko fallasa UV, ko haɗuwa da wata matsala ta gaggawa wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin jujjuyawar. Saurari don babbar crack ko asarar rashin juriya a kan igiyar janye. Idan janyewar ta tsaya kwatsam kuma igiyar ta yi laushi, bincika wurin shigar da igiyar don ƙarshen jagora ya karye. Tsoffin masu gudanar da aluminum suna da saurin yin snapping; koyaushe tabbatar da kayan jagora da yanayin kafin fara janyewa.

2. Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙar

Kinks suna faruwa lokacin da aka lankwasa waya bayan ƙaramar radius ta lankwasawa, sau da yawa saboda an haɗa madaurin janyewa ba daidai ba ko kuma an cire waya daga coil wanda aka ba da izinin juyawa da haɗuwa. Waya mai lankwasawa ba kawai yana haɓaka juriya yayin janyewa ba amma kuma yana haifar da madaidaicin rauni na dindindin wanda zai iya lalacewa daga baya a ƙarƙashin kaya ko sake zagayowar zafi. Alamun haɓaka kink sun haɗa da ƙaruwar ƙarfin janyewa ba zato ba tsammani tare da motsi na motsawa. Mafi kyawun rigakafin shine amfani da tashar janyewar waya ko birki na reel don sarrafa jujjuyawar, kuma kada ku taɓa yin waya a kusa da radius mai lankwasawa ƙasa da ƙayyadaddun masana'anta (yaƙalla 810 sau diamita na kebul na kebul na igiyar wutar lantarki).

3. Ƙuntatawa da Ƙuntatawa a Cikin Ƙararrawa

Tsarin ciki na kwantena ba safai suke da tsabta kamar yadda suke bayyana. Abubuwan da ke hanawa sun haɗa da cire ragowar rufi, laka ko ragowar ruwa daga hanyoyin waje, slurry na kankare wanda ya ɓace cikin haɗin, ko haɗin da aka sauya wanda ke haifar da gefen kaifi. Rufi yawanci yana bayyana azaman tsayawa mai wuya a wani takamaiman matsayi a cikin kwantena, galibi tare da bulge ko ƙwanƙwasa a kan farfajiyar kwantena idan toshewar ta kaifi. Idan igiyar janye ta motsa da yardar kaina amma waya ta tsaya, toshewar tana iya zama wani ƙwanƙwasa a ciki. Yi amfani da [[T:0]]relFLT:1]] (mai santsi, mai siffar harbi mai diamita iri ɗaya da waya) don tsabtace kwantena kafin farawar aikin. Wannan matakin mai sauƙi na iya janyewa na sa'o'i na takaici.

4. Rashin rufi da kuma lalata

Rashin rufi yana faruwa ne lokacin da waya ta shafa kan tsauraran burrs a shigarwar bututun, a kan ƙetarewar bututun da ba a taɓa shi ba, ko a kan ƙananan farfajiyar ciki. Mafi yawan alamun alama shine kasancewar kyawawan kayan shafa na filastik ko fuzz akan mai cirewa ko a kan waya kanta yayin da ta fito daga bututun. Idan kun lura da ƙaruwa mai wahala yayin cirewa ba tare da wani toshewar bayyane ba, kuna zargin abrasion. Koyaushe ku shafa ƙetarewar bututun kuma ku sanya bushings ko grommets masu kariya kafin ciyar da waya. Don FLT: 0s, kuyi la'akari da amfani da dogon safa mai cirewa [[FLT: 1]] ko [[FLT: 2]] kwandon da aka tsara don rarraba ƙarfi da rage riƙewa a lokacin janyewar.

5. Yin zafi da kuma yin taurin kai

Lokacin da ake jan zaren mai nauyi ta hanyar karkatarwa da yawa, taƙaitawar da aka samar na iya dumama mai jagora da rufin rufi zuwa wurin lalacewa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin hanyoyin gudanarwa tare da digiri fiye da 180 na jimlar karkatarwa (ƙaddamar da Dokar Lantarki ta Kasa don jawowa guda ɗaya ba tare da akwatin jawo ba). Alamun sun haɗa da farfajiyar iska mai dumi ko zafi a kusa da karkatarwa, ƙanshin filastik mai ƙonewa, ko kuma hayaki mai bayyane daga mai shafawa. Hawan jiki yana raunana rufin kuma yana iya haifar da gazawar nan take ko lalacewa na dogon lokaci. Gyara sau da yawa yana buƙatar raba gudu zuwa sassan da akwatunan jawowa, ta amfani da mai shafawa da aka ƙayyade daidai, kuma ba ya wuce ƙarfin ƙarfin janyewar mai ƙirar masana'anta.

Mataki na Gyara Matsalar Fitar da Waya

Ka Zaɓi Hanyar Da Ta Dace

Don gudu a karkashin 50 feet tare da 'yan bends, hannunka ja da wani kifi tef ne yawanci isa. Tsawon ko mafi rikitarwa runs bukatar a powered pulller da sarrafawa gudun da kuma wani tashin hankali gauges.

Ka Yi Amfani da Mai Mai da Man shafawa da Ya Dace

Lubricant ba zaɓi baneshi ne hanya mafi inganci don rage gogewa da hana lalacewa. Yi amfani da lubricant wanda aka tsara musamman don jan zaren lantarki; kar a taɓa amfani da samfuran mai mai da ke ƙasa da mai da ke iya lalata PVC ko rufin roba. Aiwatar da lubricant a cikin bututun da kansa. Don dogon gudu, yi amfani da famfo mai shafawa ko man shafawa mai rufi don ɗaukar bututun cikin bututun kafin ciyarwa. Kuskuren gama gari shine amfani da lubricant kawai a ƙafafun farko na zaren, barin sauran bushe. Ka tuna: friction yana ƙaruwa a cikin tsawon duka, don haka pre-lubricate bututun da sake amfani da shi a wuraren tsakiya idan ɗakunan suna janyewa.

Binciken Kayan Gudanarwa na Kayan Gudanarwa

Kafin a ciyar da kowane waya, bincika duk hanyar kwantena. Yi amfani da flt: 0 mandrel (flt: 1) (mai santsi, kayan aiki mai silinda) don bincika abubuwan toshewa da tabbatar da cewa kwantena tana da tsabta kuma ba ta da ɓarnar ruwa. Don kwantena na ƙasa, busa wani goge kumfa ta hanyar bututun don cire danshi da datti. Yi amfani da kyamarar borescope ko na kwantena don bincika tsauraran bends ko haɗin gwiwa. Idan mandrel ya tsaya a wani wuri, tsaya ka bincika. Yanke wani ɓangaren kwantena don share toshewa ya fi tsada da jan waya da ta zamewa a rabin hanya. Bugu da ƙari, tabbatar da cewa duk haɗin yana da ƙwarewa da daidaitawa; haɗin haɗin haɗin haɗin yana haifar da gefen kai tsaye wanda zai yanke ta hanyar insulation.

Ka Yi Amfani da Ƙunƙusa da Ƙunƙusa

A jan grip cewa da aka haɗa kai tsaye zuwa ga mai gudanarwa iya mayar da hankali da kuma haifar da rufi rufi. Maimakon haka, yi amfani da wani FLT:0 kwandon riƙe ko FLT:2 jan Sock cewa kunsa a kusa da na USB jacket da kuma rarraba jan karfi a kan 'yan inci. Ga multi-conductor wayoyi, a FLT:4 USB jan swivel hana waya daga twisting da kinking. Swivels ne musamman muhimmanci a lokacin da jan daga reel saboda reel juyawa iya twist da na USB. Koyaushe haɗe da jan igiya ko tef zuwa da riƙe ta amfani da wani FLTFL:6 T:7 rated kasa da na USB ta karya ƙarfi; idan link zai zama ba zai yiwu ba, da jan da na USB snaps.

Ka Kula da Jiki a Duk Lokacin Da Ka Fito

Shigar da wani tashin hankali gauges ko dynamometer tsakanin jan igiya da kuma riƙe. The gauges kamata a gani ga pulller aiki. Kafa wani iyaka na tashin hankali bisa ga na'urar da ke samar da na'urar. yawanci 0.008 fam da kewaye mil ga jan ƙarfe, ko bisa ga NEC Table 1 a Babi na 9). Idan tashin hankali ya kusanci 80% na iyaka, dakatar da kuma bincika. Common haddasawa na ƙara tashin hankali sun hada da kink forming, lubricant bushewa, ko da kebul hawa da kaifi gefen.

Ka Yi Gudun Waya da Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin

NEC ta iyakance jimlar lankwasawa tsakanin wuraren janyewa zuwa digiri 360 (ƙananan digiri 90). Don gudu da suka wuce wannan, shigar da akwatin janyewa na FLT:0 ko akwatin haɗin gwiwa na FLT: 3 don karya janyewa zuwa sassan. A cikin akwatin janyewa, zaku iya ciyar da kebul ɗin, mirgine shi, sannan ku jawo shi daga ɓangaren na gaba. Wannan yana rage tashin hankali a kowane ɓangaren kuma yana hana wucewa. Don dogon tsayi madaidaici (sama da ƙafa 500), yi la'akari da amfani da tashar janyewa ta tsakiya ko mai ciyar da kebul wanda ke tura yayin da winch ke janyewa. Haɗa turawa da janyewa don kauce wa yin kwalliya da kebul. Koyaushe kuna da na biyu mai sakawa a kan reel ɗin ciyarwa don jagorantar kebul ɗin da hana tangles.

Matakan Tsaro don Ja Waya

Kayan Kariya na Mutum da kuma Kullewa

Fitar da waya yana haifar da haɗari na zahiri: safofin hannu masu ɗaurewa, ƙarshen wayoyi, da kuma ƙwanƙwasawa a shigarwar bututun. Sanya safofin hannu na fata na fata na FLT: 0 tare da juriya, tabarau na aminci na FLT: 3 tare da garkuwar gefe, da hatsi mai ƙarfi na FLT: 5 yayin aiki a sama. Don jan hankali mai ƙarfi, yi amfani da kariya ta hannu na FLT:6 wanda aka ƙayyade don jan FLT: 7 (ba kawai safofin hannu na gaba ɗaya ba). Kafin farawa, tabbatar da cewa duk hanyoyin da ke kusa da ke da ke da ke da ƙarancin wuta da kulle a ƙarƙashin hanyoyin kulle / kulle (LOTO). Ko da idan bututun ya bayyana a banza, akwai iya zama mara alama. Yi amfani da mai gwada ƙarfin lantarki don tabbatar da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki kafin taɓa kowane mai gudanarwa.

Ƙungiyar Ayyukan Ayyuka

A cluttered aiki yanki ne kai tsaye dalilin hatsari. Ka kiyaye jan hanya a fili daga kayan aiki, debris, da kuma tripping hatsarori. Ka tsare da kebul na reel a kan wani barga reel tare da brakes aiki. Tabbatar da cewa pulller sadarwarka yana da unobstructed view na duct shigar da tashin hankali. Ka da wani spotter a kan feed reel to kira idan da kebul fara spooling kashe a cikin rashin daidaito ko idan wani kink ci gaba. Yi amfani da sadarwa na'urorin (bi-hanyar rediyo ko hannu sigina) tsakanin pulller da kuma mai duba. Kada ka dogara a kan ihu a kan amo na wani power pulller.

Tsaron Wutar Lantarki a Lokacin Da Ake Fitar da Jirgin Sama

A lokuta da yawa, dole ne a cire wayoyi a cikin hanyoyin da ke dauke da hanyoyin aiki na yanzu, ko kuma a dakatar da sabon waya yayin da kewaye da su ke aiki. Wannan yana da matukar haɗari kuma ya kamata kawai ma'aikata masu ƙwarewa suyi aiki bayan tsarin aiki mai aminci da aka rubuta a cikin FLT: 1. Yi amfani da kayan aiki masu rufi, saka safofin hannu na roba da aka ƙayyade don ƙarfin lantarki, kuma kiyaye mafi ƙarancin nesa da NFPA 70E. Ga yawancin yanayin gini da kiyayewa, mafi kyawun aiki shine kashe dukkan hanyoyin da aka shafa da tabbatar da sifili na ƙarfin lantarki kafin kowane janyewa ya fara. Kada ku ɗauka cewa wani kewaye ya mutu saboda an kashe mai katsewa; gwaji, gwaji, gwaji.

Ƙarfafa Maganin Ƙalubalen: Lokacin da Matsakaici ya Kasa

Kifi Ya Rubuta Taƙaitaccen Fayafai

Wani nau'i na kifi mai kamawa matsala ce ta gaba. Idan tef ba ta ci gaba ba bayan wani wuri, mai yiwuwa ta haɗu da wata shinge ko ƙuntataccen lankwasa wanda ke sa tef ta ƙulla. Kada ku tilasta shi. tilasta shi zai iya karye tef a cikin bututun. Maimakon haka, cire tef gaba ɗaya kuma yi amfani da tef mai tauri (kamar tef na karfe tare da ƙarshen harbi) ko sandar fiberglass. Don toshewar ci gaba, yi amfani da bututun bututun don busa madauri, sannan ku jawo tef tare da madauri. Idan duk abin da ya gaza, gano shinge ta amfani da mai gano sautin kuma yanke wani ɓangaren conduit don cire ɓarnar.

Matsaloli na Waya ko kuma Rashin Waya

Idan kebul ya juya daga reel a cikin madaukai ko tangles, zai yi sauri ya rataye kuma ya zama ƙuƙwalwa wanda ke shiga cikin bututun. Wannan yakan faru ne sau da yawa lokacin da reel brake ya yi sassaucin ra'ayi ko kuma an ajiye kebul ba daidai ba. Saita reel brake don samar da dan kadan back-tension isa ya hana kebul daga free-spooling amma ba haka ba cewa yana janye. Kada ka taɓa janye kebul daga reel wanda yake kwance a gefensa; koyaushe ka saka reel a kan axle tare da birki. Idan alamu ya ci gaba, dakatar nan da nan. Kada ka yi kokarin janye abin da ke cikin bututun; yanke kebul, jefa sashin kebul ɗin da aka haɗa, kuma sake sake yin swal din da kyau.

Ƙarshen

Successful wire cirewa dogara a kan shiri, lura, da kuma yarda da dakatar da gyara matsala maimakon ikon ta hanyar shi. Ta gano al'amurran da suka faru da wurisnapping, kinks, blockages, insulation lalacewa, ko overheatingza ka iya amfani da manufa gyara cewa ci gaba da jan a kan jadawalin da cikin code. Yi amfani da kayan aikin da hanyoyin da aka bayyana a nan: mandrel tsaftacewa, dace lubrication, tashin hankali saka idanu, da kuma aminci aiki ayyuka. Wadannan matakai ba kawai hana tsada rework amma kuma kare mutuncin shigar da wutar lantarki tsarin ga shekaru masu zuwa. Don zurfi shiriya, duba National Electrical Code (NEC) FLT:0 Babi na 9 domin dubawa cika da kuma janwa lissafi FLT: 1, da kuma tabbatar da duba masana'anta tafin tashin hankali takardun ga wani takamaiman kebul da kuma bend radius takamaiman ayyuka.